Appendicular Skeleton Pectoral Girdle & Upper Extremity Clavicle, Scapula, Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpal Bones, Metacarpals, & Phalanges

Pectoral Girdle Clavicle & Scapula (Collar Bone & Shoulder Blade)

Pectoral Girdle 1 Scapula & 1 Clavicle The upper extremity it a non-weight bearing joint The primary function of the pectoral girdle is to provide attachment for the numerous muscles that move the shoulder & elbow

Pectoral Girdle The pectoral girdle attaches to the axial skeleton anteriorly: Sternoclavicular Joint The pectoral girdle does not attach to the axial skeleton posteriorly & subsequently, the shoulder has very wide range of motion

Clavicle The Clavicle is an ‘S’ shaped bone The clavicle holds the glenohumeral joint (shoulder) away from the body The clavicle connects the upper extremity to the axial skeleton The clavicle is the most fractured bone in the body There is a joint on each end of the clavicle SC Joint: Sternoclavicular Joint @ Sternal End (medial) AC Joint: Acromioclavicular Joint @ Acromial End (lateral)

Scapula The Scapula lies over the posterior thoracic cage at ribs 2-7 The Scapula is a large, flat, & triangular in shape The bony landmarks of the Scapula Spine: between Supraspinous fossa & Infraspinous fossa Supraspinous Fossa: Supraspinatus Infraspinous Fossa: Infraspinatus Acromion: AC joint Glenoid Cavity: articulates w/ Humeral Head Subscapular Fossa: Subscapularis Coracoid Process: Biceps attachment Medial Border (Vertebral Border) Lateral Border Inferior Angle Superior Angle

Scapula Figure D Figure E Figure L

Brachium Humerus (Upper Arm)

Brachium The Brachium is aka the Upper Arm The bone in the upper arm is the Humerus. The Humerus is the longest bone in the upper extremity The Humerus articulates with the Glenoid Cavity; this articulation is know as the Glenohumeral joint (shoulder) The bony landmarks of the Humerus are: Proximal Head Anatomical Neck Greater Tubercle Lesser Tubercle Intertubecular Groove Surgical Neck Body Deltoid Tuberosity Lateral Epicondyle Medial Epicondyle Olecranon Fossa

Humerus #1 #2 #4 #5 #6 #7 #10 #12 #13

Review #1 Manubrium Sternum #2 Sternoclavicular Joint #3 Clavicle #4 Acromioclavicular Joint #5 Glenohumeral Joint #6 Scapula #7 Rib (five) #8 Humerus

Antebrachium Ulna & Radius (Forearm)

Antebrachium Forearm Ulna: medial bone The Ulna articulates with the Humerus (proximal) & the radius (proximal & distal) Trochlear Notch Olecranon Process Coronoid Process Ulnar Styloid Process Ulnar Head Radius: lateral bone The Radius articulates with the Humerus (proximal), the ulna (proximal & distal), & the carpal bones (distal end of radius) Radial Head Radial Styloid Process Radial Tuberosity Ulnar Notch

Radius & Ulna Review Figure 1 A B C D E F G H I J K L Figure 2

Carpus Carpal Bones (Wrist)

Carpal Bones 8 Carpal Bones form the wrist There are 2 rows of carpal bones Proximal Row Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Distal Row Hamate Capitate Trapezoid Trapezium

Carpus A: B C: D: E: F: G: H: Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Hamate F: Capitate G: Trapezoid H: Trapezium

Metacarpus Metacarpal Bones (Palm)

Metacarpals There are 5 Metacarpal Bones, numbered 1-5 starting with the thumb Each Metacarpal has a : Base (proximal): carpometacarpal joint Body (middle) Head (distal): metacarpophalageal joint, the head of the metacarpal articulates with the proximal phalanx & forms the knuckles

Phalanges Phalanx Bones (Fingers)

Phalanx Bones There are 14 phalanx bones in each hand The thumb is the 1st phalange & only consists of 2 phalanx bones Proximal Phalanx Distal Phalanx Phalanges 2-5 consist of 3 phalanx bones each Middle Phalanx 3 Joints: Metacarpophalangeal Joint: ‘MCP Joint’ articulation of metacarpals & phalanges Proximal Interphalangeal Joint: ‘PIP Joint’ articulation of Proximal phalanx & distal phalanx Distal Interphalangeal Joint: ‘DIP Joint’ articulation of distal phalanx & middle phalanx

The Pectoral Girdle & Upper Extremity Clavicle Scapula Humerus Radius Ulna Carpal Bones Metacarpal Bones Phalanx Bones