Many causes, one outcome; independence Presentation on the Causes of the American Revolution Chapter 5, Section 2 & 3 Mr. Coladonato

Victory in the French and Indian War was costly for the British. At the war's conclusion in 1763, King George III and his government looked to taxing the American colonies as a way of recouping their war costs. They were also looking for ways to reestablish control over the colonial governments that had become increasingly independent, while the Crown was distracted by the war.

After the French and Indian War Pontiac was a Native American who wanted Britain out of the land west of the Appalachian Mts. As a result of Pontiac’s War, Britain signed the Proclamation of 1763 It stated that Colonists cannot settle lands west of the Appalachian Mountains (Why would colonists be angry at the Proclamation Line?) Was meant to protect Indians in the western frontier

Ideally the order was issued to avoid future conflicts with the Native American Indians. Wars are EXPENSIVE.

Answer Well, the colonists felt they: Won the war so why can’t they live there The sacrificed by being in harms way. They deserved the settlement in the Ohio River Valley.

This was a result of the high cost of the French and Indian War. Sugar Act of 1764 This was a result of the high cost of the French and Indian War. British government taxed MOLASSES and COFFEE, this also made the cost of rum increase. Rum was an important item to the Colonists

Click on Picture Stamp Act of 1765 Tax on paper items and legal documents: Taxes on wills death certificates, newspapers, almanacs, playing cards, dice This helped to pay for military costs Angry Colonists tarred and feathered tax collectors, in order to protest Stamp Act of 1765 Click on Picture

Townshend act protest

Colored Version

Stamp act

Britain of course ignored it at first. Stamp Act Congress 1766 After the Britain passed the Stamp Act, colonists responded by meeting in NYC, and boycotting British goods. 9 delegates met to write petitions to King George and the British Parliament. Britain of course ignored it at first. Later, however, Britain repealed/took away the STAMP Act. Colonists celebrate!!!!!!!!!!!!

What did the colonists mean with this statement? “No Taxation without Representation”

Declaratory Act 1766 This Act allowed for Parliament in Britain to pass any law it sees fit to make. The celebration was over.

Colonists were forced to quarter or house British soldiers/troops. Quartering Act of 1766 Colonists were forced to quarter or house British soldiers/troops. Colonists were told “these soldiers were to protect them from rival Indian groups” in the colonies. The colonists saw this as another way of being taxed, and in fact the soldiers were there to calm any protests from the colonists

The Coladonato ESPN/HISTORY Hot Seat Question of the Day Of all the colonists, what percentage felt that the British Crown was justified in charging these taxes? Answer Below Loyalists Patriots Undecided 1/3 Loyalists agreed that Britain had the right to tax the colonies

Essential Question: What events need to occur to justify war Essential Question: What events need to occur to justify war? Are the Patriots heroes or terrorists? Key People Key Terms John Hancock John Adams Sam Adams Patrick Henry Paul Revere George Washington William Pitt King George III Proclamation of 1763 Tories Loyalists Patriots Rebels Duties Smuggling Protest Repeal

Townshend Acts of 1767 Now that Britain can pass any law, it taxed almost anything coming to America. Taxed Tea lead silk Glass paint This also led to the Writ of Assistance, allowing British soldiers to search ships for smuggled goods.

Non-importation Agreement Angry colonists decided to STOP importing goods taxed by the Townshend act. Eventually, British merchants would go broke!!!!!!! Another word they would BOYCOTT!!!

Repeal of Townshend Act 1767 British businesses were hurt by the boycotts, finally the British Parliament repealed all taxes, but still kept tax on TEA.. Repeal- to cancel a law

Colonial Protestors Sons of Liberty (MEN) Colonists who met to talk about ways to protest British laws Colonial leaders such as: Sam Adams (John’s cousin) Paul Revere John Adams Patrick Henry Thomas Jefferson

Colonial Protesters (women) Daughters of Liberty (Women) Who pledged to wear dresses of homespun clothes, rather than of cloth imported from ENGLAND Molly Pitcher Mercy Otis Warren Sarah Franklin Bache

Boston Massacre 1770 March 5, 1770, A merchant and one of the soldiers were arguing and some of the townspeople gathered. They began to throw snowballs and rocks at the soldiers. Soon Captain Thomas Preston and a small group of soldiers arrived. Private Hugh Montgomery of the British troops was hit by a club thrown from the crowd. When he got up, he fired into the crowd. Soon other British soldiers started firing wildly with their guns.

Boston Massacre 1770 Colonists resented “redcoats” Only 5 people were killed, but Sam Adams wrote to the other colonies about this Massacre Paul Revere printed the scene with dead colonists- this enraged colonists. Crispus Attucks, a black sailor and a Son of Liberty, among the dead.

This is the Boston Massacre Paul Revere Heroes or Terrorists?

Committees of Correspondence The leader of course was SAM ADAMS: this committee wrote pamphlets and letters to the colonists informing them of British actions Do you think they were always truthful?

Tea Act 1773 Boston Tea Party Because only a handful of English merchants were allowed to sell it and American merchants were no longer ALLOWED to sell TEA, Tea price was lower… But the cheap prices angered American merchants, saying it was a way from Britain to manipulate the industry. Cut out of the TEA TRADE, American merchants protested and boycotted…creating large supplies of Tea in Britain. So Sam Adams and Sons of Liberty decide to dump tea into the Boston Harbor as a protest. Colonists united

Question: Can the Sons of Liberty be considered terrorist Dressed up as Mohawk Indians, the Sons of Liberty, dumped 342 chests of tea into the ocean. Question: Can the Sons of Liberty be considered terrorist to some, and Patriots to others?

“The four laws that broke the camel’s back” Shut down port of Boston- no entering or exiting No town meetings, except for once a year. British officials who committed crimes were to be tried in ENGLAND, not the colonies. British Commanders could force colonists to house troops in their homes. THESE WERE KNOWN AS THE Intolerable Acts of 1773 BECAUSE THEY WERE SO HARSH.

First Continental Congress 1774 Delegates from 12 colonies meet in Sept. 1774 in Philadelphia. Each colony should set up and train a militia. The discussion was how to fight the Intolerable Acts. Peyton Randolph was president of the Congress Georgia was the only colony without a delegate representing Intolerable Acts unite leaders of the colonies Peyton Randolph

Shot heard 'round the world Battle of Won by the British 8 rebels killed Won by the Americans 273 Redcoats killed Concord Lexington Major John Pitcairn

Shot Heard Around the World

When Patrick Henry went to the Virginia Convention in Richmond, he made a speech. It was from this speech that his famous quote comes: “I know not what course others may take, but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!”

by Thomas Paine “Common Sense” Common Sense was a pamphlet that convinced many people that the time for independence had come. The pamphlet was written by Thomas Paine, an Englishman. It sold over 100,000 copies in three months!!! “Society in every state is a blessing, but Government, even in its best state, is a necessary evil; in its worst state, an intolerable one.” Thomas Paine