Cesare Beccaria By: Nick Iyer, Elijah Serrano, Tessa Versace, Jaylen Harris, Renata Rangel

Early Life Cesare Beccaria was born in 1738, in Milan, Italy He was the son of an aristocrat Primary education- Jesuit school in Parma, Italy Was a graduate of University of Parma Formed “the academy of fists” with his friends Pietro and Alessandro Verri who encouraged him to try writing.

Main Beliefs He believed that laws “existed to preserve social order, not to avenge crimes” He also criticized many things about the justice system: Torture Irregular proceedings in trials Cruel punishments (i.e. death penalty) A person accused of crime should receive a “speedy trial” and no unfair punishment The degree of punishment should differ based on the seriousness of the crime Capital punishment should be abolished!

Published Works His most influential being “On Crimes and Punishments”, which condemned torture and the death penalty. When he published “On Crimes and Punishments” he published it as anonymous, so he wouldn’t get arrested Later the government approved and he republished it but with him as the author

Influences/Legacies Ideas influenced criminal law reformers in Europe and North America Beccaria's ideas were eventually incorporated into the U.S. Bill of rights and guaranteed the abolishment of torture. Beccaria remains remembered as a father of classical criminal theory. Beccaria’s work greatly influenced Jeremy Bentham in his development of his doctrine of Utilitarianism.

Fun Facts and Famous Quotes After Cesare died, he was known as a legend in France and England. There is now a statue of him in Milan, Italy. Cesare had horrible mood swings between anger and excitement, which led to depression. In 1790, Beccaria served on a committee that promoted civil and criminal law reform in Lombardy, Italy. Famous Quotes: “Crimes are more effectually prevented by the certainty than the severity of punishment” “Happy is the nation without a history.” “The punishment of death is the war of a nation against a citizen whose destruction it judges to be necessary or useful.”

Works Cited Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy : Cesare Beccaria. (n.d.). Retrieved October 24, 2016, from http://www.iep.utm.edu/beccaria/ Abolishment of Torture - Legacy of the Enlightenment. (n.d.). Retrieved October 24, 2016, from https://sites.google.com/site/ageofreasonforareason/home/abolishment-of-torture Cesare Beccaria - Philosopher, Economist - Biography.com. (n.d.). Retrieved October 24, 2016, from http://www.biography.com/people/cesare-beccaria-39630 Cesare Beccaria. (n.d.). AZQuotes.com. Retrieved October 24, 2016, from AZQuotes.com Web site: http://www.azquotes.com/quote/1102097