WORLD WAR II THE heart of the war began in 1941 and ended in 1945. It lasted for 4 years, although fighting broke out as early as 1939.

Quick Facts A. War Costs 2. The war cost $330 billion – WWI cost $33 billion 2. The war cost $330 billion – 10 times the cost of WWI 2

A New Kind of WAR Moved quickly by tanks, ship, and airplanes. Didn’t live in trenches Bombs dropped by planes destroyed everything including thousands of civilians Area covering almost half the world Fought on two major front, or battle lines: Africa and Europe and the USA 3

Who? Axis Powers Allied Powers (major countries) (major countries) Great Britain Germany Russia Italy United States Japan France ***note: France surrendered to Germany in 1940 after 6 weeks of fighting 4

The Leaders of WWII

The Allied Powers Franklin Roosevelt – U.S.A. Winston Churchill – Great Britain Charles DeGualle - France Chiang Kai-Shek – China Josef Stalin – USSR (RUSSIA)

USSR France Great Britain http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/web03/atlases/

The Axis Powers Adolf Hitler (1933) – Germany Benito Mussolini Hirohito Hideki Tojo Benito Mussolini (1922) - Italy Emperor Hirohito & Military Tojo (1931) – Japan

Germany Italy http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/web03/atlases/

Steps Leading to World War II

Why? (underlying causes of WWII) World-wide Depression A. The Depression made Germany’s debt even worse B. Desperate people turn to desperate leaders 1) Hitler seemed to provide solutions to Germany’s problems 1923 - Wallpapering with German Deutchmarks

The first Step to War… (BEFORE FIGTHING) Germany, Italy & Japan build up their militaries Allied Response… NOTHING

The Next Step to War… In 1935, Italy attacks Ethiopia. Why? (Ethiopia's Oil) Allied Response… League of Nations branded Italy a bully & voted minor fines. Italy ignored these fines, & the League did NOTHING.

In 1936, Germany & Italy officially form the Axis Powers. The Next Step to War… In 1936, Germany & Italy officially form the Axis Powers. Allied Response… (1935) The U.S. Neutrality Act: wouldn’t allow the sale of arms to any country engaged in war.

GERMANY ATTACKS

The Next Step to War… Allied Response… NOTHING! In 1936, Hitler takes the Rhineland, which breaks the Treaty of Versailles!! Allied Response… NOTHING!

THE BIG 4: CAUSES OF WWII 1) Germany was left broke from WWI 2) Nazi’s led by Adolf Hitler rose to power 3) Germany invaded Czechoslovakia& Austria 4) Germany invades Poland & France—Great Britain declares war on Germany

WORLD WAR II !! http://www.dean.usma.edu/history/web03/atlases/ww2%20europe/ww2%20europe%20war%20index.htm

ADOLF HITLER BIO Loved art and painting Excelled in history Dropped out of school Became a leader in the German military

HILTER’S RISE TO POWER.. 1) Germany was a communist country, which means the government controls the land and businesses. 2) Germany wants to blame someone for their problems, so Hitler blames all Jews for destroying Germany.

Hitler increases Germany’s power… 3) Hitler uses propaganda, which is exaggerated, false information against the Jewish population. 4) Hitler begins his extermination, or killing, of the Jews known as the HOLOCAUST.

The Holocaust Jews, Gypsies, and people with disabilities were hated by Hitler and the Nazis. Put in concentration camps. Some were used for cruel medical experiments. Arrested Jews all over the world. Mass murdered the Jews, known as the Holocaust. More than 12 million men, women, and children were killed. At least 6 million were JEWS. 22

U.S. tries to remain neutral, but that changes December 7th, 1941.

When Japan bombs Pearl Harbor A date which will live in infamy!

Pearl Harbor Attacks First Attack http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/view/assetGuid/E8D2AE13-DD4D-4E48-892D-CD904955C9EA Second Attack http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/view/assetGuid/E8D2AE13-DD4D-4E48-892D-CD904955C9EA

NAZI PARTY Symbol: Swastika

President Roosevelt Signs the US Declaration of War

On August 6, 1945 the U.S. responds by dropping 2 atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. GIFTS FOR JAPAN

A- BOMB (LITTLE-BOY) Hiroshima Nagasaki A- BOMB (FAT MAN)

Hiroshima – August 6, 1945 70,000 killed immediately. 48,000 buildings. destroyed. 100,000s died of radiation poisoning & cancer later.

Nagasaki – August 9, 1945 40,000 killed immediately. 60,000 injured. 100,000s died of radiation poisoning & cancer later.

Japanese A-Bomb Survivors Within ONE week Japan & the Central Powers were ready to surrender.

US Marines on Mt. Surbachi, Iwo Jima [Feb. 19, 1945]

President Roosevelt Dies Did not live to see the end of World War II. Died on April 12, 1945 Vice President Harry S. Truman became President. 34

Hitler Commits Suicide April 30, 1945 Cyanide & Pistols The Führer’s Bunker Mr. & Mrs. Hitler

The U.S. & the U.S.S.R. Emerged as the Two Superpowers

Results from WWII TREATY… At the end of WWII several things were outlined in the Treaty. Eisenhower After Signing Treaty General Dwight D. Eisenhower holds the pen he used to sign the treaty with Germany at the end of World War II.

UNITED NATIONS In New York City The United Nations was establish to prevent another World war. In New York City

The Berlin Wall was built to divide Germany into East and West.

West Germany East Germany All of Germany

NATO or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization established allies.

A Cold War began: This was a 40 year war between the Soviet Union (old Russia) and Western Nations. Even though it was called a war, a full scale war with fighting never broke out. It was simply a nuclear arms race.

OUR COLD WAR TODAY!