Moving Towards Civilization Global Studies 9

Introduction What is the difference between Prehistory and history? Prehistory – Period of time before people invented systems of writing. No cities No government No complex inventions

History History: Period of time after systems of writing emerged. Emergence of governments, cities. Also, inventions such as plows for farming Products of iron Wheel

Prehistory How do we know what happened 6,000 years ago? Prehistory – Long period of time before people invented systems of writing. No cities, countries, or governments. Roughly 5,000 years ago people began to keep records.

Archaeology

Archaeology Arrived roughly 210 years ago. The study of ways of life of early peoples through the examination of their physical remains. Study artifacts: objects made by people. Tools, weapons, pottery, clo9thing, and jewelry. They analyze where they find artifacts…what for?

Old Stone Age Paleolithic Age = Old Stone Age Beginning of time (stone tools) until 10,000 B.C. Lived in small hunting and gathering bands (20-30 people) Nomads Made simple tools out of stone, bone, or wood. Called Nomads

A Huge Advancement 11,000 years ago, an advancement was made that had far reaching effects. What was it? Farming: Why was this so significant? Brought forth the New Stone Age, or Neolithic Age. The introduction of farming is known as the Neolithic Revolution.

Origins There is no set time period. Thought to have originated in the Middle East. Others believe it started in various independent areas. How do you think they made the discovery? Female food gathers notice scattered seeds produced crops. If animals were scarce, groups would revolve around an area of heavy vegetation.

Second Part of the Revolution What other part of the Neolithic Revolution changed the way people lived? Domesticating, or taming, animals rather than constantly hunting them. Rounded them up instead of waiting for them to migrate and return Herded the animals in grasslands or penned up enclosures.

Results What were some of the results of the Neolithic Revolution? Food producers Growth in population More interaction among human communities Greatest change until the Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th century.

What is a civilization? What do each separate civilization have in common? 1. Cities 2. Organized central government 3. Complex religions 4. Job specialization 5. Social Classes 6. Arts and architecture 7. Public works (irrigation systems, roads, bridges) 8. Writing