2017 Review of East Asian Philosophies Key Concepts for Next Week’s Test

Confucianism

Confucianism Philosophy Goal How Achieved Influence Confucianism Founder: Confucius Civil servants were hired on the bases of ability and had to pass tests. Values such as respect for elders, proper behavior and love of scholarship became part of Chinese culture. All people must respect and obey those above them. Those with authority should set a good example. A just and peaceful society

The Five Relationships The Five Relationships all represent the way things should be done in a social life Father and Son (loving and reverential) Older Brother and Younger Brother (gentle and respectful) Husband and Wife (good and listening) Older Friend and Younger Friend (considerate and differential) Ruler and Subject (benevolent and loyal)

Legalism

Legalism Philosophy Goal How Achieved Influence Legalism Founder: Hanfeizi The Qin dynasty used legalist ideas to build a strong central government and well-organized society. Men are selfish and evil Rulers should establish strict laws with rewards for good behavior and harsh punishment for bad behavior. Peace and order in society

Taoism

Taoism/Daoism Philosophy Goal How Achieved Influence Daoism Founder: Laozi Happiness and peace were gained by living in harmony with nature. Rulers were encouraged to rule less harshly. Influenced Chinese thought, writing and art. Daoism developed into a popular religion. Simple and natural living.

“Tao”---The Way Taoists believed that the best way to live was the natural way. To Taoists, Confucian rules for society were useless. A society with rules was an artificial creation that disturbed the natural order.

Yang Masculine Active Light Warmth Strong Heaven Sun Yin Feminine Passive Darkness Cold Weak Earth Moon Yang

Buddhism

The Spread of Buddhism, 500s B. C - A. D The Spread of Buddhism, 500s B.C - A.D. 600This map shows how Buddhism spread from India throughout Asia. Buddhism began in northeastern India, the birthplace of Buddha, and from there spread along trade routes. By the first century it had reached China. From there it traveled to Korea and on to Japan around A.D. 600. Buddhism also took hold in Tibet during the 600s.

The Appeal of Buddhism in East Asia The Chinese, Koreans, and Japanese found a great deal of comfort in Buddhism. The three Chinese schools of thought-Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism-dealt with life on Earth. Buddhism was a religion that offered an escape from the suffering of earthly life. Buddhism promised salvation for the good, those who lived moral lives, and punishment for the wicked. It stressed mercy and compassion.

Blending of Buddhism with Other Faiths Nirvana became the western Heaven, reflecting Chinese ideas about the afterlife. Chinese Buddhists emphasized Confucian ideas of proper behavior and respect for family and ancestors. They also absorbed Daoist views of nature because the Chinese could accept diverse ideas. Confucianism and Daoism were concerned with ethics and living in harmony with nature, including the gods and spirits that were believed to be everywhere. Although temples and ceremonies developed around both schools of thought, neither Confucianism nor Daoism were a true religion like Buddhism was.

Shinto

Key Beliefs of Shinto   Tradition and the family: Understanding that family is the foundation for preserving traditions---ANCESTOR WORSHIP Love of nature: Holding nature sacred---KAMI---SPIRITS FOUND IN NATURE Ritual purity: Ritual bathing to spiritually and physically cleanse yourselves before entering a shrine to worship the kami---PURIFIFCATION with WATER Views of Emperor: Up until WWII, the Japanese believed the emperor was the descendent of the Sun Goddess Amaratsu, and that he was DIVINE…a god on earth to give complete obedience to

Torii A formal gate-like structure that marks a Shinto sacred place or shrine. They come in various colors and are made of various materials. Most torii, however are made of wood, and many are painted orange and black. Torii represents a transition between the finite world and the infinite world of the gods. Akumi Kanbe Shinmeisha (安久美神戸神明社), Toyohashi, Aichi, Japan