CALL TO FREEDOM--Full Volume 5/9/2018 THE COLD WAR pt 1 Chapter 26

Post War Changes at Home Women encouraged to quit the workforce to create new jobs for vets Passed the GI Bill that offered benefits such as college loans Life returned to “normal” “Baby Boomers”: generation born as war was ending, soldiers returning home (1945-1964) 76 million American children were born between 1945-1964

Steps to Prevent Another World War In 1945 representatives from 50 nations met to write the United Nations charter. United Nations formed in 1945 to resolve conflicts between nations Allies held war crimes trials that began in 1945 in Nuremberg, Germany. Similar trials were held in Japan by the International Military Tribunal. Convicted Japanese war criminals Recognized the independence of Israel in 1949

A Cold War Cold War = not an armed conflict Cold War is the term used to describe the various political, social and military clashes between the United States and Soviet Union from 1945 to 1991 Term Cold War used to indicate a real conflict but the threat of nuclear weapons made direct armed confrontation too dangerous to contemplate. The Cold War was fought on nearly every continent and in nearly every country around the globe.

Cold War : USA v. USSR At the heart of the conflict were two very different world-views held by the two nations and their allies. The Soviet Union viewed capitalism as a monster, which, if unchecked, would consume the entire world America viewed Communism as an inherently evil mechanism designed to destroy the rights and liberties of all mankind. Both sides believed that the other was seeking world domination

Major Events in the Cold War 1945-1950 US President Harry Truman and Soviet President Josef Stalin develop a tense, distrustful relationship at Potsdam Conference Conflict between the U.S. and the Soviet Union focused on handling of defeated Germany and buffer countries near USSR Truman Doctrine (1947) – a $400 million aid package to Greece and Turkey to prevent the spread of communism Marshall Plan – between l949 and 1951, the U.S. gave or loaned more than $13 billion to Western European countries to help rebuild their countries

U.S. Aid Truman Doctrine (1947) – a $400 million aid package to Greece and Turkey to prevent the spread of communism Marshall Plan – between l949 and 1951, the U.S. gave or loaned more than $13 billion to Western European countries to help rebuild their countries

U.S. Foreign-Policy Strategies Following World War II Containment – the effort to prevent the Soviet Union from expanding strategically in important areas U.S. joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) along with 11 other nations who pledged to defend one another if they were attacked. U.S. quadrupled its defense spending. President Truman approved the development of more nuclear weapons.

Communism’s Effect on Asia after World War II Korea ruled by Japan prior to end of WWII After WWII, Korea was divided politically at the 38th parallel by occupying Allied forces overseeing Korea’s restoration to an independent country With mistrust growing rapidly between the formerly allied United States and Soviet Union, no agreement was reached on how to reconcile the competing provisional governments. Democratic People’s Republic of Korea controls North Korea, backed by Soviet Union and China South Korea’s government supported by the UN and the USA

The Red Scare Cold War causes fear of Communists and Communism in the U.S. Americans concerned with Soviet’s expanded control over Eastern Europe Fear of Communists in the U.S. State Department and Hollywood Joseph McCarthy, a Senator from Wisconsin, began a campaign to find Communists in the U.S. government.

“McCarthyism” McCarthyism : political action of making accusations of disloyalty, subversion, or treason without proper regard for evidence During era of McCarthyism, many thousands of Americans were accused of being Communists or communist sympathizers The primary targets of such suspicions were government employees, those in the entertainment industry, educators and union activists. Many people suffered loss of employment, destruction of their careers, and even imprisonment. Suspicions were often given credence despite inconclusive or questionable evidence The level of threat posed by a person's real or supposed communist associations or beliefs was often greatly exaggerated. Most of these punishments came about through trial verdicts later overturned

Popular Culture Reflects Cold War Fears CALL TO FREEDOM--Full Volume 5/9/2018 Popular Culture Reflects Cold War Fears Magazines published articles like “Communists Are After Your Child.” Hollywood produced anticommunist films. Science fiction movies often combined fears about new forms of technology with the fear of communism. Spy films, books, TV series become popular Chapter 26