Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles In Nonpolar as Lubricant Additives Presentation On Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles In Nonpolar as Lubricant Additives By: Dheeraj Kumar M.Tech Amity University, India

Metal Nanoparticles in Nonpolar Solvent As per literature survey, Metal Nanoparticles can be synthesized in Nonpolar solvent by mainly three ways; Microemulsion Synthesis Synthesis by Organometal route Phase Transfer Method

Factors for Selecting Synthesis Method Should be Environmental Friendly Mass Production should be possible Less Energy consumption during synthesis Minimum Steps for synthesis No Water content in Final Product Final Product should NOT contain any Byproduct

Why Copper Nanoparticles Copper precursor is easily available in the market; as well as it is cheap as compare to silver or gold precursors Copper nanoparticles are having good thermal properties, which can be utilize in lubricants for heat dissipation Copper nanoparticles are having remarkable tribological properties, low hardness leads to reduction in friction; and low elastic modulus reduces the wear

Copper Nanoparticles in Nonpolar Solvent Chemical Required: Copper Acetate, Sodium Borohydride, Sodium Oleate, Deionized Water, Nonpolar Solvent, H3PO4 Process: Aqueous solution of Copper Acetate was prepared Aqueous solution of reducing agent (NaBH4) & capping agent (Sodium Oleate) was prepared Above solutions were mixed together, which formed Green color; indicates the formation of Copper Nanoparticles NaBH4 Sodium Oleate Copper Acetate In Water Copper NP In Water

Phase Transfer: Cyclohexane was added to Copper nanoparticles capped with Sodium Oleate H3PO4 was added to the above solution; instant color transfer from aqueous to nonpolar solvent was seen Color transfer into nonpolar solvent indicate the transfer of Nanoparticles into nonpolar solvent from water Cyclohexane H3PO4 After 2 days Copper NP In Water Copper NP In Cyclohexane

Mechanism: Weak Acid Nonpolar Solvent Polar Solvent Reason behind the phase transfer of Nanoparticles from Polar to Nonpolar solvent is; using Surfactant as Capping agent for nanoparticles Adding the weak acid, give some energy to the surfactant molecule to rearrange into nonpolar solvent to a minimum possible energy state Weak Acid Polar Solvent Nonpolar Solvent

Cyclohexane Base Oil (40042) Copper Acetate In Water Copper NP Phase Transfer Agent Capping Agnt Reducing Agnt Copper Acetate In Water Copper NP In Water Phase Transfer Base Oil (40042) Agent

To Increase concentration in Base Oil (40042) Phase Transferred in 40042 56ppm Copper NP in Water 254ppm Phase Transferred in Cyclohexane Cyclohexane Mixed with 40042 Cyclohexane Extracted by Rota-vapor Copper NP in 40042 228ppm

UV-Vis Spectroscopy

Dynamic Light Scattering Copper nanoparticles in Cyclohexane after phase transfer Copper nanoparticles in 40042 After phase transfer

Dynamic Light Scattering Copper nanoparticles in 40042 After phase transfer Copper nanoparticles in 40042 Transferred from Cyclohexane

Transmission Electron Microscope TEM images of Copper nanoparticles in Water before phase transfer Most of the particles are in size range of 2nm to 6nm

Transmission Electron Microscope TEM images of Copper nanoparticles in Cyclohexane Most of the particles are in size range of 2nm to 7nm

Transmission Electron Microscope Size in nanometer

Factors Affecting Synthesis Copper NP size is effected by concentration of Capping & Reducing agent Concentration of Copper NP in nonpolar solvent is effected by the viscosity of the nonpolar solvent On increasing the concentration of Surfactant; web like structure start forming at the water-oil interface On increasing the stirring; color of both water and oil phase start disappearing

Way Forward & Future Aspects Copper Nanoparticles would be evaluated as additives in commercial lubricants Silver Nanoparticles would be synthesized by the same route; and evaluated as additives in lubricants Copper nanoparticles can be used as conductive ink for electronic circuit printing

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