Skeletal and Muscular Systems

Vocabulary Cell – basic unit of structure and function of living things Locomotion – movement Organ – a group of tissues working together Organ System - a group of organs working together Organism – the living thing with functional organ systems Tissue – a group of cells working together

Levels of Organization Cell Tissue Organ Organ System Organism

Skeletal System Functions: 1. Provides shape and ____________ 2. ____________tissues and organs 3. Stores calcium and _____________ 4. Produces _________ blood cells Support Protects Phosphorous Red

Skeletal System Made of 206 _________ 5. ______________ - allows movement necessary to: A. escape danger B. find food and _________ C. reproduce Made of 206 _________ Locomotion Shelter BONES

Cranium (Protects the Brain) (Protects the Spinal Cord) Ribs (Protects Vital Organs – Lungs and Heart) Humerus (Upper Arm Bone) Pelvis Femur (Largest Bone in the Body) Note – the smallest bones in the body are located in your ear

Skeletal System Cartilage – Connective Tissue 1. Cushions to _______________ the ends of the bone 2. Provides structure and support. Ex. Ear, Nose Protect

Skeletal System Joint 1. Where two bones meet 2. Bones are held together by ___________ Bone--Ligament--Bone 3.Types: A: ball and socket ________________________ B: hinge _______________________________ C: pivot ________________________________ D: gliding ______________________________ 4.Immoveable joints-----fused joint……cranium plates Ligaments Moveable Full circular movement Back & forth movement Twisting movement Sliding

C A D B

Muscular System Made of three types of ________ Muscle Type Description & Function Example Skeletal Muscle Smooth Muscle Cardiac Muscle Striated (Bands), Voluntary react quickly, tire quickly Biceps Triceps Not striated, involuntary React slowly, tire slowly Esophagus intestines Striated complex mesh involuntary …reacts quickly… never tires Heart only

Muscular System Type Skeletal Muscle Smooth Muscle Cardiac Muscle

Antagonistic Pairs Skeletal muscles work in pairs As one muscle contracts the other relaxes

Muscles are attached to bones by _______________ Muscles—tendon—bone All movement is coordinated by the _________ system Tendons Nervous

What other systems do you think is important to the skeletal and muscular systems? Nervous System to coordinate movement Circulatory System to deliver nutrients and oxygen for energy and take away wastes

Review – Energy Energy can not be created or destroyed Energy can be converted (transformed to another form ex. Electrical to Heat in a clothes iron