Begoña Pérez Gómez, Puertos del Estado, Spain Tsunami detection component: discussion about the existing network and real-time data processing Begoña Pérez Gómez, Puertos del Estado, Spain TsuMaMos 2014, Málaga April 9-11, 2014

Outline Marine network: role within TWS’s NEAMTWS overview Spanish system: REDMAR network Real time quality control and tsunami detection algorithm Data interpretation and examples Future activities Conclusions TsuMaMos 2014, Málaga April 9-11, 2014

Objectives: Marine network: role within TWS’s Tsunami confirmation Models validation and improvement Improvement of real-time forecasts (data assimilation) Warning (?) Detection of non-seismic “tsunami” events (submarine landslides, meteorological-wind waves seiches) TsuMaMos 2014, Málaga April 9-11, 2014

Marine network: role within TWS’s Operational today: Sea level data at the coast: tide gauges Offshore pressure (sea level) sensors: e.g. DART buoys New technologies: Radar HF GPS buoys Instrumentation of submarine telecommunication cables TsuMaMos 2014, Málaga April 9-11, 2014

Offshore instrumentation: NEAMTWS overview Offshore instrumentation: Plans for three DART buoys in Greece (Pylos, East and South of Crete) Plans GPS buoys in Portugal Pressure sensor at Antares observatory (South of Toulon, France) Plenty of new HF radar stations are now being installed in the European coasts But, what do we really have operational now for tsunami measurement in real-time?

NEAMTWS overview TsuMaMos 2014, Málaga April 9-11, 2014

NEAMTWS overview Core network of NEAMTWS: Basic minimum requirements for tsunami warning: 1-min or less sampling and latency (not fulfilled by all the stations at IOC SLSMF) More stations needed by the NTWC: national networks encouraged to contribute for an adequate density of stations: bilateral agreements Communications mainly based on Internet (GPRS-ADSL), 1’; GTS data latency (France): 6’ Meteosat DCP: now 15’ (new DCP higher rate 1’, ready soon) TsuMaMos 2014, Málaga April 9-11, 2014

Spanish system: REDMAR network 36 radar tide gauges 2Hz raw data 1’ transmitted (Internet) 1’ atm.press., wind waves and wind Available at: Portus: www.puertos.es SLSMF (IOC) Future: NTWC’s (IGN) One of the marine networks operated by The Spanish Harbours (Puertos del Estado) TsuMaMos 2014, Málaga April 9-11, 2014

Spanish system: REDMAR network A multipurpose tide-gauge network TsuMaMos 2014, Málaga April 9-11, 2014

Spanish system: REDMAR network Why? The Algerian earthquake tsunami: May 2003, impact in the Balearic Islands TsuMaMos 2014, Málaga April 9-11, 2014

Main element of the Portus Alert System: Spanish system: REDMAR network Main element of the Portus Alert System: www.puertos.es TsuMaMos 2014, Málaga April 9-11, 2014

Real Time QC and Tsunami Detection Algorithm Today at Puertos del Estado Portus system. Next steps: alert and data transmission to IGN (NTWC) redundancy of communications and sensors improve latency and access to 2Hz data TsuMaMos 2014, Málaga April 9-11, 2014

Steps for Tsunami Detection Algorithm: Real Time QC and Tsunami Detection Algorithm Steps for Tsunami Detection Algorithm: Quality Control High pass filter Configuration of thresholds Detection Algorithm Display and trigger a message Several algorithms developed and published (e.g. TRANSFER project) TsuMaMos 2014, Málaga April 9-11, 2014

Real Time QC and Tsunami Detection Algorithm At Puertos del Estado (Portus system): Basic real time QC combined with 15-min near real time quality control (splines algorithm for spikes detection) High pass filter removing periods > 3 hours: FIR digital filter with 15 order Kaiser window: Computation of variance evolution on a moving window of the filtered time series TsuMaMos 2014, Málaga April 9-11, 2014

Real Time QC and Tsunami Detection Algorithm TsuMaMos 2014, Málaga April 9-11, 2014

Real Time QC and Tsunami Detection Algorithm TsuMaMos 2014, Málaga April 9-11, 2014

Data interpretation and examples Other tsunami-like events: storms Jan-Feb 2014 Caused by wind waves TsuMaMos 2014, Málaga April 9-11, 2014

Data interpretation and examples Other tsunami-like events: storms Jan-Feb 2014 High tide + wind waves + seiches (tsunami-like events)= inundation TsuMaMos 2014, Málaga April 9-11, 2014

Data interpretation and examples Other tsunami-like events: storms Jan-Feb 2014 Wind waves Tsunami-like Oscillations (2-4 min) TsuMaMos 2014, Málaga April 9-11, 2014

Data interpretation and examples Other tsunami-like events: meteo-tsunamis or “rissagas” in the Mediterranean TsuMaMos 2014, Málaga April 9-11, 2014

Data interpretation and examples TsuMaMos 2014, Málaga April 9-11, 2014

Data interpretation and examples TsuMaMos 2014, Málaga April 9-11, 2014

Data interpretation and examples Problem of real-time quality control: TsuMaMos 2014, Málaga April 9-11, 2014

Data interpretation and examples Problem of real-time quality control: More details in the paper: Use of tide gauge data in operational oceanography and sea level hazard warning systems, Pérez et al, Journal of Operational Oceanography, 2013 TsuMaMos 2014, Málaga April 9-11, 2014

Future activities Radar HF Surface currents, potential detection of tsunamis (enough time?) Radar HF available at Portus system today

Submarine telecommunications cables Future activities Submarine telecommunications cables ITU, UNESCO-IOC and WMO established a Joint Task Force (JTF) tasked to investigate using submarine telecommunications cables for ocean and climate monitoring and disaster warning over 80 international experts from the science, engineering, business and law communities

Submarine telecommunications cables Future activities Submarine telecommunications cables Two reasons account for the superiority of submarine cables: they are the only technology that can transmit large amounts of information across bodies of water with low latencies (delays), and they do so at low costs. A new generation of scientific cabled ocean observatories is emerging at a few selected sites, but there is a need and opportunity to extend observations and monitoring over much wider area of the global oceans. Submarine telecommunication cables equipped with sensors to measure key variables such as water temperature, pressure and acceleration on the ocean floor are viewed as vital to monitor climate change and to provide tsunami warnings.

Conclusions Sea level data from tide gauges are today the basic operational information for the TWS’s in Europe The short distance of tsunamigenic sources to our coast make difficult to invest on expensive offshore instrumentation In spite of the interest on qc and automatic detection algorithms being applied to sea level / pressure data, sea level expertise and human inspection is still crucial. Sea level variability implies detailed configuration of the automatic algorithms for alerts Inundations at the coast are not only caused by seismic events, so marine detection for a multi-hazard approach is beyond the scope of present tsunami warning systems New technologies and already existing infrastructure may become part of the tsunami alert systems in the future (ASTARTE project, Joint Task Force, etc) A denser network of sensors is claimed and needed for improving forecasting models Critical need of international data exchange and availability in real-time for tsunami confirmation and eventual improvement of warnings

Thank you