The counter-reformation 2nd YR

What was the counter-reformation? How the Catholic Church fought back.. ..to stop the spread of Protestantism ‘counter’ means ‘against’ many people were disillusioned with C. Church many people were also deciding to leave the CC the Catholic Church wanted to stop this

Intro The Counter-Reformation was based on 3 things Council of Trent Inquisition The foundation of the Jesuits

Aims of counter-reformation With these 3 things the Catholic Church Hope to stop the spread the spread of Protestantism And to sort out the probs in the church itself

Council of Trent In 1534 Pope Paul III elected Knew the Church needed to be reformed Organised 3 meetings of cardinals and bishops Met in Trent in Northern italy

Their Aim? To tackle the abuses in the Church To define and clarify the Church’s beliefs

Reformer Other popes had avoided reform Becoz they were afraid it would reduce their power And also stop their own abuses Now Paul III wanted to sort out the Church A number of important decisions were made

Decisions made on discipline SNAP were ended Sale of indulgences were controlled Priests must be properly trained Bishops must ensure priests are living holy lives

Decisions made on Church Doctrine Doctrine means the beliefs of the Church Decided that both good works and faith were needed Beliefs come from both tradition and the bible A list of forbidden books was drawn up How did these beliefs differ to Luther?

Results These decisions brought discipline and unity What Catholics were supposed to believe.. ..was now clearly stated The Catholic Church was strengthened Made the Church stronger to fight Protestants But did it bring Protestants back to Catholicism? No

Society of Jesus Many new religious orders were set up The Jesuits were the most important Pope Paul III approved the order in 1540

Ignatius Loyola Born in 1491 in Spain An ex-soldier Badly wounded Decided to devote his life to God Formed the Jesuits

Structure of jesuits He modelled the Jesuits on an army He was called the Superior General Members were totally loyal to him Wrote a book called Spiritual Exercises This guided the Jesuits Soon, over 1,000 members

Importance of jesuits Missionary work Priests sent out to diff countries ..to convert people to Catholicism this happened in Asia famous missionary = St Francis Xavier other missionaries tried to convert Protestants ..back to the old faith

Importance of Jesuits (2) Education Set up many schools Became famous for great education Taught children of powerful people Instilled Catholic beliefs in them

Inquisition This was a special religious court It put heretics in trial Heretics – anyone who held beliefs.. ..diff to the Catholic Church Court was v active in Spain and italy It persecuted Protestants

How the inquisition worked People on trial were not told of their crimes Often tortured Forced to confess

Punishment A person found ‘guilty’ could be.. Fined, flogged, imprisoned,.. Or burnt at the stake The religious ceremony where heretics were punished.. ..was called auto-de-fe (act of faith) for less serious ‘crimes’ a person was forced to wear.. ..a special cloak called ‘san benito’

Results Inquisition tortured and killed many Protestants But did it actually change Protestant’s beliefs? Could some1 tortured into confessing.. Really become a loyal Catholic again in their heart? Protestant religion stayed strong Inquisition achieved little other than terror.