The Protestant Reformation

Causes of the Reformation

What was the Protestant Reformation? The [REFORM]ation was an attempt to REFORM the Catholic Church get rid of the corruption and restore the people’s faith in the church

What was the Protestant Reformation? In the end the reformers established their own religions caused a split in Christianity

What was the Protestant Reformation? CHRISTIANITY PROTESTANT CATHOLIC

The Reformers Martin Luther John Calvin Henry VIII

Martin Luther Lived from 1483-1546 in HRE A sudden religious experience inspired him to become a monk

Martin Luther He became troubled over the possibility of not going to heaven He turned to the Bible, and confession for comfort

“The righteous shall by his faith.” ROMANS 1:17 “The righteous shall by his faith.” Luther realized that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.

Luther's 95 Theses A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (95 Complaints) He criticized: The Power of the Pope The Extreme Wealth of the Church Indulgences (Catholic concept of Salvation)

Luther's 95 Theses Gutenberg’s Printing Press spread his beliefs Posted on Church doors in Germany Gained support from people Criticized by Church

Luther on Trial The Diet of Worms 1520 Pope Leo X orders Luther to give up his beliefs burned the order excommunicated Luther went into hiding where he translated the New Testament into German – spreading his beliefs even further

Pope Leo X (Medici) He was the Pope during the height of the corruption

Luther prepares to burn Pope's orders

Luther's Dying Words “I am fed up with the world, and it with me. I am like a ripe stool, and the world is like a gigantic anus, and so we’re about to let go of each other.” -Luther

Acceptance of Reforms Some Local Churches in the HRE accepted Luther’s ideas Lutheranism Supported by German Princes issued a formal “protest” against the Church for suppressing the reforms

John Calvin “May little chickens dig out your eyes 100,000 times.” - Calvin speaking to another reformer whose ideas he disagreed with

John Calvin Anti-Catholic Influenced by Martin Luther Disagreed with Luther’s “Salvation through faith alone.” Created his own Protestant religion in Switzerland

Predestination Calvin believed in: Salvation through Predestination At birth it is decided if you will go to heaven or hell

Calvin believed in: Foreknowledge God knows everything that will happen in your life Purified approach to life: No drinking, swearing, card playing, gambling etc..

CALVINISM Started in Switzerland – Calvinists England = Puritans Scotland = Presbyterians Holland = Dutch Reform France = Huguenots Germany = Reform Church

Christianity Protestant Catholic Lutheran Calvinism Puritan Presbyterian Puritan Hugeunots

Henry VIII Desire for a male heir First marriage cursed by God Church did not approve annulment Parliament declared King supreme in spiritual affairs (Reformation Parliament) Created Church of England

Government Control of Church Published official grievances against Catholic church Church law placed under parliamentary control Took control of all monasteries Controlled all religious appointments

Religious Conservitism Church of England basically Catholic Transubstantiation Celibacy Private mass confession Articles of 1536 – offered mild Protestant concessions

Catholic or Protestant? Henry dies and… Son (Edward) takes over - Protestant Edward dies, Mary takes over - Catholic Mary dies & Elizabeth takes over - Protestant

Effects of the Reformation

Effects of the Reformation Religious – 1) Churches flourished; 2) new denominations developed; 3) the RCC became more unified (Council of Trent); 4) Emphasis on education Society – little to no change: divided by social class, role of women still limited. Large numbers of poor converted Political – 1) Power of monarchs/states increased; 2) Rise of modern-nation states; 3) lays groundwork for the Enlightenment