Digestive system

End Products of Digestion Proteins Carbohydrates Lipids

End Products of Digestion Proteins Amino acids(used to make your own proteins) Carbohydrates Simple sugars (used by the mitochondria for energy) 1gram= 4Calories Lipids Fatty acids & glycerol (used for cell membranes, energy protection) 1gram= 9Calories

Trail Mix

DIGESTION The Acts of digestion requires: mechanical means that increase the surface area & Chemicals such as ENZYMES, HCL, sodium bicarbonate and water.

Digestion begin in the mouth Teeth –Mechanical digestion increase the surface area for enzymes to work upon. Chemical digestion- Saliva contains a salivary amylase which breaks down starch to maltose (disaccharide )

Mouth Ulcer

Epiglottis

Name the organs 1 3 4 2 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Welcome to the esophagus Bolus-ball of food Peristalsis- waved-like contractions of smooth muscle: forces food along the digestive tract Esophagus= 25cm

Stomach Food holder Secretions result from: Nerve action (brain) Food contact w/ stomach Hormone-gastrin Pepsin & HCL-break proteins into polypeptides chains HCl kills bacteria PH (acid) activates pepsin PH1-3 HCl dissolves minerals CHYME-

Heartburn

Gastric Ulcer

Bleeding Ulcer

Toothbrush in stomach after 2 years : 30 year old female

Liver / Gall bladder 4 lbs Produces Bile-emulsification of fats (Physical) Contains no digestive enzymes!!! Large globs to small globs to increase the surface area Gall Bladder stores some bile.

Pancreas Secretes 1st set of digestive enzymes Proteases, amylases and lipases Produces sodium bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid –PH -6—

Villi and glandular tissue of the duodenum

Intestinal glands Wall of the intestine secrete 2nd set of digestive enzymes (Proteases, amylases and lipases) completes digestion Amylases-maltase, surcease, . Secretion-hormone stimulates glands to secrete

Small Intestine Diffusion -22 ft long Increase folds Villi / microvilli Thin membranes Muscular contractions

Large Intestine No digestion of food 1-Absorption of water 2-Bacterial action –production of vitamin K for proper blood clotting Rate of waste flow Fast—Diarrhea Slow– Constipation Need fiber (cellulose) to clean the colon and possibly prevent polyps Lap colon Fecal transplantation

Mass of Precipitate (mg) Application Trypsin -Protease Tube pH Mass of Precipitate (mg) 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 2.8 2.5 2.0 2.3 2.6 2.9

Application questions Medication for five days   7 6 5 4 3 PH of the stomach Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5