D39 Science Olympiad – 2017 Week2&3 Wind power D39 Science Olympiad – 2017 Week2&3

Agenda Explanations on lift and drag 20min. Review some terms we need to understand. Drag, Lift, Torque, Friction, types of energy 20min Experiment to learn about convection 20min. Build our first model on CD’s and test: 30min.

What causes the blades to move?

What Is Energy? So , we want energy from Wind , right? Energy may be the most familiar concept in science, yet it is one of the most difficult to define. We observe the effects of energy when something is happening— only when energy is being transferred from one place to another or transformed from one form to another.

Review some basic physics terms We need to start by understanding the some concepts: Equilibrium Force Work Power Some types of forces Lift Drag Friction Torque

Things that are in balance with one another illustrate equilibrium. Things in mechanical equilibrium are stable, without changes of motion. The rocks are in mechanical equilibrium. An unbalanced external force would be needed to change their resting state.

A force is needed to change an object’s state of motion.

Net Force A force is a push or a pull. A force of some kind is always required to change the state of motion of an object. The combination of all forces acting on an object is called the net force. The net force on an object changes its motion. The scientific unit of force is the newton, abbreviated N.

Force Net Force The net force depends on the magnitudes and directions of the applied forces.

Force Net Force The net force depends on the magnitudes and directions of the applied forces.

Force Net Force The net force depends on the magnitudes and directions of the applied forces.

Force Net Force The net force depends on the magnitudes and directions of the applied forces.

Force Net Force The net force depends on the magnitudes and directions of the applied forces.

Force Net Force The net force depends on the magnitudes and directions of the applied forces.

Force Net Force When the girl holds the rock with as much force upward as gravity pulls downward, the net force on the rock is zero.

Work Work is done when a net force acts on an object and the object moves in the direction of the net force.

Work Work is the product of the force on an object and the distance through which the object is moved: the quantity force × distance For example: We do work when we lift a load against Earth’s gravity. The heavier the load or the higher we lift it, the more work we do.

Work If the force is constant and the motion takes place in a straight line in the direction of the force, the work done on an object by a net force is the product of the force and the distance through which the object is moved. work = net force × distance W = Fd d

Work If we lift two loads, we do twice as much work as lifting one load the same distance, because the force needed is twice as great. If we lift one load twice as far, we do twice as much work because the distance is twice as great.

Work Work is done in lifting the barbell. If the barbell could be lifted twice as high, the weight lifter would have to do twice as much work.

Work Some work is done against another force. When you do push-ups, you do work against your own weight. Some work is done to change the speed of an object. Bringing an automobile up to speed or in slowing it down involves work.

Work The unit of measurement for work combines a unit of force, N, with a unit of distance, m. The unit of work is the newton-meter (N•m), also called the joule. One joule (J) of work is done when a force of 1 N is exerted over a distance of 1 m (lifting an apple over your head).

By the power of GraySkull. I have the POWER! Power equals the amount of work done divided by the time interval during which the work is done. By the power of GraySkull. I have the POWER!

Power When carrying a load up some stairs, you do the same amount of work whether you walk or run up the stairs. Power is the rate at which work is done.

Power A high-power engine does work rapidly. An engine that delivers twice the power of another engine does not necessarily produce twice as much work or go twice as fast. Twice the power means the engine can do twice the work in the same amount of time or the same amount of work in half the time. A powerful engine can get an automobile up to a given speed in less time than a less powerful engine can.

Power The unit of power is the joule per second, also known as the watt. One watt (W) of power is expended when one joule of work is done in one second. One kilowatt (kW) equals 1000 watts. One megawatt (MW) equals one million watts.

Power The three main engines of the space shuttle can develop 33,000 MW of power when fuel is burned at the enormous rate of 3400 kg/s.

Types of Energy Kinetic (motion) energy Electrical energy Potential energy Thermal (heat) energy Chemical energy Sound Light Nuclear

Torque Torque is the rotational force your rotor produces The further away force is applied from the center, the more torque is creates

Lift Lift Is the force the wind creates against the blades Lift is affected by Blade shape Speed of the air around the blade Angle of the blade relative to the wind

Drag Drag, or air resistance, is a force that is working against the blades, causing them to slow down. It works against lift Drag increases with the area facing the wind Drag increases with wind speed

Blade Pitch Blade pitch is the angle of the blades with respect to rotation The pitch dramatically affects the torque of the rotor, but also affects the amount of drag behind the blades Efficient blades provide maximum torque with minimal drag

Things we can experiment with How can we make the propeller spin faster? Increase the fan speed (unfortunately we don’t get to do this) Create more surface area of the blades to catch more wind Rotate the blades to increase the torque Use longer blades Use more blades Change the shape of the blades Use stronger blades to prevent bending in the wind Use lighter blades to reduce their inertia Rotate the blades to reduce drag Etc.

Challenges for the upcoming week. Investigate and acquire materials you may want to use for designing your blades for rotor. Plastic, Wood, Thick cardboard paper, etc. Come up with atleeast two designs for rotor blade. Build at least one rotor. We will have a class room competition next week. Read up on Different types of wind mills. Pros and Cons. http://teachergeek.org/wind_turbine_types.pdf We will have pop quiz on this next week.! Use google groups to start discussion and share reading material. I will post some links there. We will discuss this in next class. http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/articles/2016/06/world-s- longest-wind-turbine-blade-unveiled-in-denmark.html