DNA Manipulation Diabetes Genetic Engineering Bacteria Plasmid Animals Drugs Bacteria Plasmid Biopharming Transgenic Organisms Knockout Mice Cloning

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DNA Manipulation Genetic Engineering Cloning

Diabetes _________________ Many people require insulin injections to survive Insulin allows glucose to be transferred from the blood into cell Approximately 5% of all deaths are caused by diabetes.

Due to the need, actual human insulin is now mass-produced They insert the human insulin gene into bacteria, and the bacteria makes human insulin. ________________

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________________ The E. coli (bacteria) transcribes and translates the piece of human DNA to make the human protein insulin, which is then harvested from the bacteria and put into a container to be used. …………..

The first step in genetic recombination is to isolate, ………… You must also cut the circular plasmid (from the bacteria) to make it linear ________________

You then insert your DNA segment into a bacterial plasmid using DNA ligase _____________ ……………

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Biopharming ________________ Molecular biologists can introduce new functions into an organism. Today, scientists use genetic engineering to find cures for various diseases that affect animals and plants.

………….. This could cause the host organism to produce a certain protein, such as insulin or clotting factors which is useful to us. E.g. Allow us to become resistant to certain diseases, grow human organs, grow faster, etc. ________________

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Why Use Transgenic Plants and Animals? Cost - animal and plant based methods are usually more economical (cheaper) than operating a laboratory with controlled bacterial populations. ________________

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Knockout Mice ________________ They are used to study the purpose of each gene. If a gene is turned off, you can more easily see what it does.

Cloning ________________ It has been used for many years to produce plants (even growing a plant from a cutting is a type of cloning). The first cloned mammal (Dolly) was born in 1997 …………

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Why Clone? The main reason to clone plants or animals is to mass produce organisms with desired qualities, such as prize-winning apples or a genetically engineered animal that produce more milk, beef, etc. ______________

Issues Deciding exactly where to draw the line on transgenic organisms and cloning is difficult. What is acceptable and what isn’t? Do the …………..