History of Wildlife Management Humans colonize N.A. – Quaternary Period, Pleistocene Epoch – ice ages 10,000 ybp Large mammal extinctions (exploitation?) = 66% of megafauna extinct

History of Wildlife Management 500 ybp, Europeans arrive…. Spanish bring horses, livestock Other Europeans exploit fisheries, fur, meat, feathers…. (1870-1915)

History of Wildlife Management Fur trade & near extinction of beaver (Castor canadensis)

History of Wildlife Management Fur trade & near extinction of beaver (Castor canadensis) Market hunting Near extinction of bison : 60M to ~150

History of Wildlife Management Market hunting Bison Successful extinction of passenger pigeon - immense abundance (400 km long, 1800)

History of Wildlife Management Passenger pigeon immense abundance (400 km long, 1800) 1878 – 3 months, 1.5 M pigeons from MI to market

History of Wildlife Management Passenger pigeon last sighting 1899 14-yr old boy shot last wild pigeon in Ohio (1900) last captive pigeon died: Male (1912) Female (1914)

History of Wildlife Management Habitat loss & Exploitation

History of Wildlife Management Example: wood ducks - wild turkeys

History of Wildlife Management Example: (MI) American marten - fisher

Aldo Leopold (1887-1948) Born in Burlington, IA Avid outdoorsman Summers in MI’s Les Cheneaux Islands

Aldo Leopold Master’s in Forestry – Yale Univ. School of Forestry 19 yrs with USFS (NM/AZ) 1933 – Professor of Game Management, UW-Madison Estella & Aldo

Aldo Leopold Avid birder Restoration ecology Phenology Conservationist Sustainability UW-Madison Arboretum

Father of Modern Wildlife Management Aldo Leopold A Sand County Almanac Game Management 1st university wildlife program (UW-Madison) co-founder The Wilderness Society Land Ethic

The Professor

Leopold’s “Law” of Interspersion of Habitat

The Shack ‘to live on a piece of land without spoiling it.’

Aldo Leopold Legacy Center Site of Leopold’s Death Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System™ Locally-harvested wood 1st carbon neutral building Annually, produce 110% of the energy consumed on site Use 70% less energy than a typical 12,000 ft2 building built simply to code

Modern Wildlife Management

Benefits & Uses of Wildlife Resources Economics Consumption

Benefits & Uses of Wildlife Resources Non-consumptive recreation -

National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation

1996-2006 Trends: Numbers (Millions) National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation

1996-2006 Trends: Expenditures (Billions of 2006 USD) National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation

2006 Trends Hunting Fishing National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation

1996-2006 Trends in MI: Numbers (thousands) National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation

1996-2006 Trends in MI: Expenditures (Millions of 2006 USD) National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation

Benefits & Uses of Wildlife Resources Other benefits

Public Attitudes, Ethics, Values Natural resources professionals = Stakeholder groups are diverse:

Future for Wildlife Teaming with Wildlife & State wildlife agency funding proposals – what is this? Should non-consumptive users have a “tax” similar to anglers and hunters? What proposals are being considered? http://www.teaming.com/pdf/tww_history.pdf