Superstructures - Roofs You will need to know what is used, where it is used, why it is used and how a roof is created. Functions of a Roof A way of discharging rainfall away from the building. – Water does not sit on the roof and find a way into the structure. (Pitched do this more effectively than flat roofs). To waterproof the structure. Provide a recreational area – flat roofs may have balconies. Aesthetics – provides character and styling to the building. Provides storage and accommodation space in the loft areas. Resist the force of wind and weather http://learn.hackney.ac.uk/pluginfile.php/14156/mod_resource/content/0/Theory/FirstYearTheory10.indd.pdf Detailed roof construction diagrams and information

Roof Detailing - Flat https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_B4LG0B140o Solar paint Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IAGw8AzhZJY Flat roofing video Puddles on the roof

Flat Roof Detailing

Pitched Roof Lean-to Roof Mono-Pitch Roof

Double pitch Roof Gable End

Hipped End Roof Loft spaces can be used for storage and can be converted into other rooms. Can’t walk on easily for maintenance like a flat roof but is less likely to leak.

Roof Terminology

Roof Components Common rafters make up the main roof structure. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uaPhhQG1JPI video Jack Rafter – a rafter the is not the full length of the roof. Will join to the common rafters.

Cripple Jack rafters – join between two valley rafters Roof Trusses – Can be prefabricated and brought to site ready to fit. This saves construction time and reduces waste. http://www.diydata.com/general_building/roof_construction/roof_construction.php Roofing truss detailed info.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ADVcoiHPO18 Why we need bracing video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-9UfD1gfZ5s Wall plate video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LXKZJDwo05U Diagonal wind bracing in roof trusses video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ADVcoiHPO18 Why we need bracing video Without diagonal bracing the trusses can collapse when a force is applied such as wind.

Ridgeboard – this is at the tip of the truss and extends along the roof joining all of the rafters at one end. Soffit and facia The fascia board is the long straight board that runs along the lower edge of the roof. It is fixed to the roof trusses and supports the bottom row of tiles and the guttering. In a standard 3 bed semi several galloons of water per second will run into the gutters. The soffit is below the fascia and allows some ventilation into the roof space.

Eaves – this is the part of the roof that overhangs the wall Eaves – this is the part of the roof that overhangs the wall. This ensures that water runs off the roof well away from the wall reducing the chance of water getting into the building through openings such as windows and doors. Valley – the area where two roof pitches meet.

Dormer

Insulation Insulation can be fitted to both flat and pitched roofs. Various types exist and much of it can be sustainably sourced such as sheep's wool.

1. What are the two main categories of roofs? 2. What is the difference between a flat and pitched roof? 3. Draw a flat roof structure and label the diagram. 3. What is a ridge board? 4. Name 5 types of pitched roofs.

6. Why do eaves overlap the walls of a house? 7. What is the difference between a common rafter and a jack rafter? 8. Explain the difference between a soffit and fascia 9. What is a wall plate and why is it important? 10. What is a dormer? 11. What is diagonal bracing and why is it necessary when constructing roofs?