Transforming the West Chapter 6/Section 3.

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Presentation transcript:

Transforming the West Chapter 6/Section 3

Mining Mining= 1st great “boom” in the West Gold/Silver led to waves of white settlers puring into the West Led to mining camps/communities; “Boomtowns” By 1870s, large companies made mining a big business Had the capital to purchase mining equipment Fueled the nation’s industrial development

Railroads Open the West The Transcontinental Railroad Built by private companies, but supported by the US government Government provided: 1) Land grants 2) Loans Central Pacific= Laid track eastward from Sacramento, CA Union Pacific= Laid track westward from Omaha, Nebraska 1869= Two tracks met at Promontory, Utah Railroads intensified western settlement Towns/Cities built along railroads grew Intensified demand for Indians’ land

Cattle Ranching= 2nd Western “Boom” Before arrival of eastern settlers, Mexicans in Texas raised livestock Open-Range System: Cattle roamed freely, each cattle marked/branded so they could be identified Spring: Ranchers hired cowboys to “round up” cattle spread out over thousands of miles Cattle brought to railroad station, sent to Eastern markets Open-Range system ended by 1880s; Why? 1) Invention of barbed wire 2) Beef supply exceeded demand= Price of beef dropped

Farmers & Homesteads Homestead Act, 1862= Gov. offered farm plots of 160 acres to anyone Requirements= 1) Live on land for 5 years 2) Dig a well & a road Some new settlers were fromer slaves; Benjamin Singleton & the “Exodusters” Life of a homesteader was difficult/lonely Nature= Windstorms/blizzards/droughts/locusts The Great Plains were treeless, many lived in home made of sod

Competition, Conflict, & Change Economic Rivalries Different settlers= Different uses of land, sometimes at odds with each other Ex: Conflicts between minders, ranchers, sheepherders, & farmers Large-scale mining polluted water that ran onto the Plains No matter who won, Native Americans lost

Competition, Conflict, & Change Prejudices & discrimination Ranchers belittled homesteaders, called “sodbusters” After 1850, West= 20% of pop./80% of nation’s Asian, Mexican, & Native American pop. Besides American settlers, many settlers were foreign-born Multiple cultural differences joined mix of several dozen Native American cultures Conflict arose over natural resources as well; Ex: El Paso Salt War