Webiitd.ac.in/~pmvs

REFERENCE MATERIALS Principles of Energy Conversion -- Culp A.W. Applied Thermodynamics -- Eastop T.D. & Mc conkey A. Power Plant Engineering -- Nag P.K. Power Plant Technology -- EI-Wakil. Internal Combustion Engines -- Ganesan V. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning -- Stoecker W.F. & Jones J.W. Gas Turbine Theory -- H Cohen, G F C Rogers -- H I H Saravanamuttoo. Hydraulics machines -- Jagadish Lal

Analysis of Sources of Energy BY Dr. P M V Subbarao Mechanical Engineering Department I I T Delhi An analysis to know the limits of Technology Growth...

Structure of Energy Systems : Fossil Fuels Coal, Oil and Gas are called "fossil fuels" because they have been formed from the fossilised remains of prehistoric plants and animals. They provide around 66% of the world's electrical power, and 95% of the world's total energy demands (including heating, transport, electricity generation and other uses). Coal provides around 28% of World energy, and oil provides 40%. Natural gas provides around 20% of the world's consumption of energy Structure of Energy systems using Fossil resources:

Structure of Energy Systems : Nuclear Fuels Nuclear power is generated using Uranium, which is a metal mined in various parts of the world. Nuclear power produces around 11% of the world's energy needs, and produces huge amounts of energy from small amounts of fuel, without the pollution that you'd get from burning fossil fuels. Structure of Energy systems using Nuclear resources:

Structure of Energy Systems : Solar Fuels Structure of Energy systems using Nuclear resources: Solar energy Makes heat Solar Energy Electrical Energy

Structure of Energy Systems : Wind Fuels The Sun heats our atmosphere unevenly, so some patches become warmer than others. These warm patches of air rise, other air blows in to replace them - and we feel a wind blowing. We can use the energy in the wind by building a tall tower, with a large propeller on the top. Wind Fuel has Kinetic Energy This runs Turbine Turbine Runs Generator

Structure of Energy Systems : Hydro Fuels Nowadays there are many hydro-electric power stations, providing around 20% of the world's electricity. A dam is built to trap water, usually in a valley where there is an existing lake. Water is allowed to flow through tunnels in the dam, to turn turbines and thus drive generators. Water behind a dam Posses Potential Energy Potential Energy can be converted into Kinetic energy This runs Turbine Turbine Runs Generator

Possible Sources of Energy Conversion

Possible Sources of Energy Conversion Direct conversion to heat in air, earth and oceans: 2.55 x 106EJ/year Biomass energy: 4.3 x 103EJ/year Wind, waves convection and currents: 11.7 x 103EJ/year Convection in volcanoes and hot springs: 9.36 EJ/year Ocean tides: 93.6 EJ/year0.7 We should pay attention to those areas of energy cycle which have not yet been utilized for which energy conversion methods have been in place.

Conclusions on Energy Resources 95 % of the energy resources satisfy the needs through Generation of Heat. Many of the resources required Turbine (Prime Mover). A broader structure for study should proceed along: Fuel Power Fluid Power (Thermal Power, Potential Power, Kinetic Power) Mechanical Energy (Shaft Power) A first step is to analyze Fuel Power. A first step in fuel power is to study Biological fuels

Energy Cycle in Living Things                                                                             

Energy and Order in Biological Systems The concept of entropy and the second law of thermodynamics suggests that systems naturally progress from order to disorder. If so, how do biological systems develop and maintain such a high degree of order? Is this a violation of the second law of thermodynamics? Order can be produced with an expenditure of energy, and the order associated with life on the earth is produced with the aid of energy from the sun.

The Cyclic Nature of the Universe Everything the power of the world does is done in a circle. The sky is round , the Earth is round like a ball and so are all the stars. The wind in its greatest power whirls. Birds make their roots in circles, for theirs is the same religion as ours. The Sun comes forth and goes down again in a circle. The Moon does the same and both are round. Even the seasons form a great circle in their changing and always come back to where they were. The life of a man is a circle from childhood to childhood and so it is in everything where Power moves.

The Natural Thermodynamic Cycle of this Universe. Heat Vortex Motion Friction Heat. Vortices therefore should be able to change heat energy into motive energy. This would necessitate an acceleration of flow and a cooling effect. Both of these can be observed in the case of vortices.

Natural Power Generation Cycles Life is Natural……..

Energy Cycle in Living Things                                                                             

The Natural Cycles G s

Natural Power Generation Cycle V

Natural Power Generation Cycle Tmax T Tmin Smin S Smax

Carnot Natural