The First Five January 24, 2014 Agenda Message: Unit 7 Frayer Models = Due on January 30th Warm-up: What do you already know about the Cherokee & Creek cultures? How have their cultures influenced the state of Georgia?

The First Five January 16, 2014 Agenda Message: Unit 7 Frayer Models = Due tomorrow Warm-up: It is 1830. The U.S. government has given your tribe a choice: move west to a reservation and keep your traditional way of life, or stay and adapt. Most of your tribal land has been sold or taken. The remaining land is isolated and not very good for farming. Would you stay or would you leave? How would your life change if you stayed in Georgia? How would your life change if you moved west?

Unit 7: Creek & Cherokee Nations (1800-1840) SS8H5d: Analyze the events that led to the removal of Creeks and Cherokees, include the roles of Alexander McGillivray, William McIntosh, Sequoyah, John Ross, Dahlonega Gold Rush, Worcester v. Georgia, Andrew Jackson, John Marshall, and the Trail of Tears.

Alexander McGillivray Chief Alexander McGillivray led the Creek Indian tribes in Georgia. In 1790, President George Washington & Chief McGillivray signed the Treaty of New York. In this treaty, the Creek Indians gave up all of their land east of the Oconee River (near Athens, GA). The U.S. government started removing Creek Indians off of their land in Georgia. Headright System and land lottery will be used to distribute land to white settlers.

William McIntosh As more and more of the Creek Indian land was given to the U.S. government, Creek tribes became separated from each other. There was little chance for the Creeks to talk and trade with each other. On February 12, 1825, Chief William McIntosh secretly sold the last of the Creek lands in Georgia to the U.S. government for $200,000. Groups of Creek Indians beat, stabbed, & scalped Chief McIntosh for secretly selling away the Creeks’ land to the USA.

Gold Rush in Georgia White settlers continued to move into northern Georgia, because of the attraction to: Rich land Timber Other natural resources In 1828, gold was found near Dahlonega, GA. This caused a rush of people to arrive and caused the Cherokee to be removed off their land.

Sequoyah I760-George Gist, also known as Sequoyah was born. He created the Cherokee alphabet or syllabary, which are symbols that stand for whole syllables. The Cherokee alphabet or syllabary has 86 symbols.

The First Five January 24, 2014 Agenda Message: CDA February 12, 2014 Warm-up: Interpret the meaning of the political cartoon

Worcester v. Georgia On December 22, 1830, the General Assembly passed a law stating that a white person could not live on Cherokee land without taking an oath of allegiance to the governor. 11 white people refused to sign the oath, including the Reverend Samuel Worcester (postmaster of the New Echota post office) The 11 people were jailed…chained together and made to walk from the North Georgia Mountains to Lawrenceville, GA. Then they were sentenced to serve 4 years at the state penitentiary in Milledgeville. Governor George Gilmer agreed to pardon any of them, who would sign the oath of allegiance…Only 2 of the prisoners refused to do so.

Worcester v. Georgia cont. Samuel Worcester and Elizur Butler took their case to the U.S. Supreme Court…Chief Justice John Marshall rendered his decision ordering Worcester and Butler set free (they won)! However, Georgia’s Governor Gilmer refused to accept the decision of the U.S. Supreme Court, and so did the next incoming governor (Governor Wilson Lumpkin). Worcester and Butler gave up. Governor Lumpkin pardoned them and banned the two men out of Georgia forever. Governor Lumpkin took the Cherokee land in North Georgia and divided up. In 1832, Georgia held a land lottery and distributed Cherokee land out to Georgia’s white males.

Andrew Jackson Elected president of the USA in 1828. 1830-Indian Removal Act was passed in Congress and $500,000 was set aside to enforce it. All Native Americans were moved to western land called reservations. Choctaws were removed 1st in 1831, then the Cherokees were last to be removed in 1838.

Indian Removal Act http://app.discoveryeducation.com/search?Ntt=indian+removal+act Osceola Resists Indian Removal Act http://app.discoveryeducation.com/search?Ntt=indian+removal+act

John Ross Principal chief of the Cherokee Indians. He tried to save Cherokee land from being taken by both the Georgia General Assembly and the U.S. government during the 1830s-1840s.

Trail of Tears Anuna-da-ut-sun’y In 1835, a Cherokee chief named Major Ridge signed the Treaty of New Echota with US President Andrew Jackson, but without the permission of Cherokee principal chief John Ross. This treaty gave up all Cherokee lands in Georgia in exchange for lands in Oklahoma and 5 million dollars. John Ross and other Cherokees thought the US government would protect Cherokee lands from white settlement because of the Worcester v. Georgia Supreme Court case. Instead, the US Army enforced the 1830 Indian Removal Act and in 1838 Cherokee homes and farms were burned. The Cherokee were rounded up in concentration camps and forced to migrate to Oklahoma. Major Ridge and others Cherokees who signed the Treaty of New Echota were soon executed in Oklahoma by supporters of Cherokee chief John Ross.

http://app.discoveryeducation.com/search?Ntt=trail+of+tears http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gve7avdld78 Trail of Tears Video

Trail of Tears Anuna-da-ut-sun’y Army General Winfield Scott and his soldiers were ordered to remove all (15,000+) Cherokee from their land in North Georgia. In 1838, the Cherokees were forced to walk 800 miles from New Echota (Calhoun, GA) to the new Indian Territory (Oklahoma). During this 3 months winter walk, many (4,000+) of the Cherokee and their animals died from starvation and from colds.

Trail of Tears Map

The First Five January 21, 2014 Agenda Message: Study for the Unit 7 Quiz on Friday Turn in Unit 7 Frayer Models for a grade Today’s Warm-up: Which treaty required the Creek to give up all their land east of the Oconee River? Treaty of Paris Treaty of Ghent Treaty of New York Treaty of New Echota

The First Five January 22, 2014 Agenda Message: Study for the Unit 7 Quiz on Friday Today’s Warm-up: What group of north Georgia Indians was forcibly removed from their land after gold was discovered there? Creek Choctaw Seminole Cherokee

References Blankenship, G. and Wood, V. (2009). Georgia CRCT test prep: 8th grade Georgia studies. Atlanta, GA: Clairmont Press, Inc. Klein, P. and Pascoe, C. (2005). Georgia: In the American experience. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, Inc. London, B. B. (1999). Georgia: The history of an American state. Montgomery, AL: Clairmont Press.

BINGO Board Terms John Ross Creek New Echota William McIntosh Alexander McGillivray Terminus Western & Atlantic Railroad Andrew Jackson Gold Rush Yazoo Land Fraud University of Georgia Eli Whitney Treaty of New York Baptist Church Headright System Sequoyah Cotton Gin Worcester vs. Georgia Methodist Church Land Lottery Cherokee Trail of Tears Major Ridge Louisville Reservation Cherokee Phoenix Light Horse Guard Indian Removal Act Treaty of New Echota Elias Boudinot

The First Five January 23, 2014 Agenda Message: Unit 7 Quiz tomorrow…STUDY! Today’s Warm-up: Complete #1a-f on page 225

Group Work Instructions: Your group will read your assigned section and explain Who, What, When, Where & Why regarding the facts. Be prepared to share your main points with the class. Group 1: Georgia Cities, p. 220 & The Old South, p. 221 Group 2: Planters, p. 222 Group 3: Yeoman Farmers, pp. 222-223 Group 4: Free African Americans & Daily Life, pp. 223 Group 5: Enslaved Africans, pp. 224-225 Group 6: Religion , p. 219 & Reform in Georgia, pp. 220

3-2-1 Responses Who were 3 groups of people who lived and worked on plantations during the antebellum period? What were 2 ways that Africans could earn their freedom during the antebellum period? Explain 1 rule or law that slaves had to follow during the antebellum period.

Creek Removal William McIntosh led the Lower Creek. He tried to create a more central government for the Creek. He supported the Americans in the fighting against the Red Sticks at Horseshoe Bend. McIntosh helped negotiate the two treaties of Indian Springs, which resulted in the loss of all Creek land to the Chattahoochee River, Georgia’s border with Alabama. The Creek received $200,000. In 1825, he was killed for his role in the agreements to give away Creek land without the approval of the whole Creek Nation. These events led to a new treaty in 1826, which resulted in the final removal of the Creek people from Georgia.

The First Five January 24, 2014 Agenda Message: No homework tonight Today’s Warm-up: Take the Unit 7 Quiz Travel to the computer