Unit 6 Section 9 The Cold War Heats Up TYWL: Global interaction may be caused by conflict. / Forces of imperialism, nationalism, militarism and geo-political alliances, taken to the extreme, can lead to international conflicts. / Nationalism and the quest for power are often underlying causes for war. / Conflict occurs when compromise over land, national identity and colonial possessions is no longer an option between those in authority and those they serve.

Question of the Day Which of the following helped Adolf Hitler gain power in Germany? the promise of a new democracy big business and labor the Great Depression the support of the Weimar government

Truman and the Cold War Key Events: Berlin Airlift - 1949 Communist takeover of China – 1949 Soviet Union – A Bomb – 1949 Korean War begins – 1950 McCarthy “witch hunts” begin - 1950

Eisenhower and the Cold War Eisenhower elected in 1952 Extends containment with new policy of BRINKMANSHIP Proposed by John Foster Dulles, Sec. of State Says US is willing to go the brink of war in order to avoid it. Threatens enemy with massive military (nuclear) retaliation for any aggression.

Ike and Brinkmanship Beginning of nuclear arms race with Soviet Union H-Bomb developed by US in 1952, Soviets in 1953 Reduction of conventional army and navy – increase in air force and nuclear weapons Threat of massive retaliation Citizens build air raid shelters, “duck and cover” drills in schools

The Cold War Spreads Creation of CIA Covert actions in Iran and Guatemala against governments perceived as pro communist 1953, Stalin dies – replaced by Nikita Khrushchev Hopes for more liberal Soviet policies proven wrong by response to Hungarian uprising - 1956

Tensions Mount 1955, Soviets create Warsaw Pact – military alliance with 7 Eastern European nations Eisenhower Doctrine – After a crisis in Egypt, Ike warns that US will defend the Middle East against any communist aggression – 1957

Cold War in the Skies 1957, Soviets develop ICBM; October, launch Sputnik – 1st Satellite Embarrassment to US – leads to creation of NASA Begins Space Race

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Cold War in the Skies US begins high altitude flights over Soviet Union to spy U2 Spy planes were supposed to undetectable Many in US nervous that flights would only make conflict worse Summit scheduled for May 15th, 1960 May 1st, Pilot Francis Gary Powers is shot down, captured by Soviets Summit is cancelled; tensions increase – known as U2 Incident

Click the image below for primary sources related to the U2 incident

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