Unit 6 Section 6 The Cold War Begins TYWL: Global interaction may be caused by conflict. / Forces of imperialism, nationalism, militarism and geo-political alliances, taken to the extreme, can lead to international conflicts. / Nationalism and the quest for power are often underlying causes for war. / Conflict occurs when compromise over land, national identity and colonial possessions is no longer an option between those in authority and those they serve. /

Question of the Day What was the Manhattan Project? a. the Allied plan to assassinate Hitler b. the U.S. project to develop the atomic bomb c. the German strategy to conquer the United States d. the Japanese plot to invade the United States

Soviet Union and America Clash Following end of World War 2, US and Soviet Union clash – The Cold War Two most powerful nations following war Different goals and aims for Europe Soviets occupy Eastern European nations at end of war See these satellite nations as a “buffer” between Soviet Union and Germany

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Satellite Nations Countries of Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Poland Soviets installed communist governments in these nations Churchill coins phrase “The Iron Curtain”- Division of Europe between communist governments in the East and democracies in the West

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Containment Proposed by US Diplomat George Kennan Theory of how the US should deal with the Soviet Union Containment – taking measures to prevent any spread of communist rule into other countries. Spread of communism must be stopped. Shapes US foreign policy for almost 40 years

Truman Doctrine Conflict between US and Soviet Union becomes known as the Cold War Lasts from 1945 – 1991 Political tension, military rivalry that stops just short of actual war Truman Doctrine is developed Truman’s plan to stop spread of communism Provide aid to any nation trying to resist communism Greece and Turkey were first to get aid - $400 million in funds

Marshall Plan Western Europe in chaos after the war 1947, refugees, severe weather, food shortages, danger of communism creeping in Marshall Plan – US will provide aid to rebuild Europe – humanitarian and political reasons Great success – 16 nations receive $13 billion in aid

Tensions in Berlin Post war – Germany is divided. Allies control West, Soviets control East Capital city of Berlin is also split, but, the city is in East Germany Stalin wants control of Berlin; sets up blockade to try and force Americans to abandon city – June, 1948 2

Berlin Airlift Access to Berlin had not been guaranteed in agreement – 1st crisis of the Cold War US decides to deliver supplies and food to city by plane rather than back down 327 days, 277,000 flights, 2.3 million tons of supplies delivered May, 1949, Soviets lifts blockade Early Cold War victory for US

Formation of NATO May, 1949, West Germany officially becomes a new nation Soviet actions in Berlin worry US and Western Europe April 4, 1949, US and its allies form NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization Defensive alliance against Soviet Union Soviet’s answer, Warsaw Pact, forms in 1955

From www.nationalarchives.gov.uk http://www.pbs.org http://apus-06-07.wikispaces.com . http://mrboskosroom.weebly.com