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INVENTIONS THAT SHOOK the WORLD

By the end of the 20th century lots of inventions have been made By the end of the 20th century lots of inventions have been made. Some of them have become so commonplace that it is difficult to imagine them as inventions.

* In 1876 Alexander Bell, an American engineer, invented telephone. * Akito Morita (Japan) developed the first personal stereo –Sony Walkman. * In 1908 Henry Ford (USA) created the world’s first car assembly line. *John Logie Baird from Scotland invented television in 1926.

We are proud of the talented scientists, outstanding inventors. Nicephore Niepce from France pioneered photography in 1829 In 1981 Bill Gates (USA) created Microsoft-DOS (Desk Operating System) We are proud of the talented scientists, outstanding inventors.

Alexander Graham Bell Alexander Graham Bell was born un Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1847. He invented the first telephone in 1876 and became a citizen of the United States in 1882. Bell was a modest humanitarian who once told his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the deaf than as the inventor of the telephone. Both his mother and his wife were deaf. In tribute to Scotland and America, the inscription on Bell’s grave reads: “Born in Edinburgh…died a citizen of the United States of America”.

Henry Ford Henry Ford was born in 1863. He was a man who transformed the world. The car he built changed the lives of people everywhere. In 1896, Ford succeeded in building an automobile powered by a gasoline engine. He built this engine in his kitchen sink. In 1903, Henry Ford established the Ford Motor Company and introduced the Model T Ford.

Henry Ford wanted to make a car that everyone would be able to afford Henry Ford wanted to make a car that everyone would be able to afford. He was able to lower the price of the Model T from 850 to 360 dollars by introducing mass production assembly line techniques. On an assembly line each person has one specific job and, therefore, can do it faster and more efficiently.

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov Ivan Pavlov was born in 1849 in Ryazan. His father was a priest and Ivan studied theology until his growing interest in natural sciences took over. He gave up his religious career and devoted his life to science. He was the first Russian Nobel Laureate, an Honourable Doctor of Cambridge University, a member of 132 academies and societies and the first physiologist in the world. Pavlov’s scientific activity lasted for more than six decades. His name is connected with the most remarkable discoveries in the field of blood circulation and physiology. To the general public he is known for his studies of the central nervous system. Pavlov discovered “conditioning” in his famous dog experiment; this made him a pioneer in classical conditioning. Dr. Pavlov died in Leningrad on February 27, 1936. He was 87 years old and still actively involved in science.

Pavlov’s letter to the youth of Russia who devote themselves to science. Master the basics of science first, and then climb to the top. Never start the next subject until you understand the one before it. Train yourself to be tolerant. A scientist must sometimes do dirty work. Be humble. Never think you already know everything. Even if people praise you highly, b brave and tell yourself “I am an ignoramus”. Do not allow pride to conquer you. Because of pride you will ignore useful advice and sincere help. Science demands great efforts and great passion.