Essential Question. How do values shape art and government? Art comparisons between Classical Rome, Western Europe and the Byzantine empires. A brief introduction to Justinian’s Byzantine Empire and the New Rome

Classical Roman Art Realism 3D Movement Idealism Wide variety of subject mater

Use of Art during the Middle Ages (Western Europe) Showed daily life Religious and hieratical Taught religious themes

Middle Age art was Hierarchal. The most important figure is placed either farthest top or center. Proportion was not a value in art medieval art. Middle Age art was Hierarchal. Notice the King Charles of France 1350’s being crowned by the Pope and Bishops.

Middle Age Art and lack of Proportion Medieval art lacked proportion. Usually represented only in two dimensional space Renaissance art was proportional and introduced the appearance of three dimensional space

Byzantine Empire and Justinian The New Rome Emperor Justinian and Empress Theodora restores Constantinople and expands the empire. His wife Theodora would co rule. This upset many as she has a reputation, well you know!!

Justinian's Code Emperor of Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire, Justinian, refined many of the Roman laws from the 12 Tables and collected them all into one work. The Justinian Code, completed in AD 529. These laws form the basis of all today's justice systems in the western world.

Byzantine Art Eastern Christian Empire Icons usually featured a single figure. “Essence” not realism was important Art usually featured single religious figures called “Icons.” Byzantine art seems to radiate and glow!!! Gold, glass mosaics were a dominant styles was in Rome

There was a great debate and battle over the religious icons the Greek Orthodox and later Protestants viewed Icons as idol worship. Many loved the Icons because they put a face with the beloved saint, bible personality etc. The Icons won Protestant churches are more modest and have less religious imagery than Catholic War over the Icons

Hagia Sophia - Constantinople Justinian’s Great Byzantine Church

Elaborately painted and mosaic arches and vaults and domes.

Byzantine Architecture Rounded vaulted ceilings Huge Dome Space expanded on Rome’s Domes

Why was Constantinople was called the “New Rome? Byzantine Empire continued to encourage learning speaking a common language in government, religion and daily life There was a strong central Government Common laws Justinian’s Code throughout the Empire Grand public works. Baths, theaters. Massive trade

Hagia Sophia, Constantinople Was turned into a Mosque when Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1453

French Cathedrals