WORLD HISTORY TRANSITION Take one of each handout from the table. Get your folders from the crate. Have a seat. Write your name on both handouts. Quietly read over the notes on the Byzantine and Mongol Empires. Quietly await further instructions. 5/9/2018 SSWH 4 Byzantine & Mongol Empires

Applicable Georgia Standards SSWH4 The student will analyze the importance of the Byzantine…empire between 450 CE and 1500 CE. a. Explain the relationship of the Byzantine Empire to the Roman Empire. b. Describe the significance of Justinian’s law code…and Byzantine art and architecture. c. Analyze the establishment of Christianity as the official religion of the Byzantine Empire. d. Analyze the role of Constantinople as a trading and religious center. f. Define the role of Orthodox Christianity and the Schism. 5/9/2018 SSWH 4 Byzantine & Mongol Empires

SSWH 4 Byzantine & Mongol Empires Quiz/Exam Practice Which of the following replaced the Western Roman Empire shortly after its fall? a) the Muslim Empire b) a series of Germanic kingdoms c) western-style democracy d) all of the above 5/9/2018 SSWH 4 Byzantine & Mongol Empires

SSWH 4 Byzantine & Mongol Empires Quiz/Exam Practice ________________ was the Byzantine emperor who re-conquered much of the old western Roman Empire. a) Charlemagne b) Muhammad c) Hirohito d) Justinian 5/9/2018 SSWH 4 Byzantine & Mongol Empires

SSWH 4 Byzantine & Mongol Empires Quiz/Exam Practice __________________ : Eastern Orthodox Church :: Pope : Roman Catholic Church. a) evangelist b) nun c) patriarch d) imam 5/9/2018 SSWH 4 Byzantine & Mongol Empires

SSWH 4 Byzantine & Mongol Empires Quiz/Exam Practice Which of the following most correctly describe(s) the Byzantine Empire? a) it was essentially the Greek-speaking eastern half of the old Roman Empire b) it was a Christian state c) it was a democracy d) a and b only e) a and c only 5/9/2018 SSWH 4 Byzantine & Mongol Empires

SSWH 4 Byzantine & Mongol Empires Quiz/Exam Practice After Emperor Justinian’s death, the Byzantine Empire went into a period of decline. Which of the following continued to threaten the Byzantine Empire? a) the Muslim armies of Muhammad b) Huns c) Persians d) all of the above e) a and b only 5/9/2018 SSWH 4 Byzantine & Mongol Empires

Byzantine and Mongol Empires 400-1000 CE 5/9/2018 SSWH4 Byzantine & Mongol Empires

Traditional Breakdown Low (Early) Middle Ages: C. 400 – 1000 CE High (Late) Middle Ages: C. 1000 – 1300 CE Until beginning of the Renaissance 5/9/2018 SSWH 4 Byzantine & Mongol Empires

SSWH 4 Byzantine & Mongol Empires New Kingdoms C. 500 CE – Old Western Roman Empire was replaced by a series of Germanic kingdoms 5/9/2018 SSWH 4 Byzantine & Mongol Empires

SSWH 4 Byzantine & Mongol Empires 5/9/2018 SSWH 4 Byzantine & Mongol Empires

Emperor Justinian Re-conquers Much of the Old Western Roman Empire Byzantine Empire was essentially Greek-speaking eastern half of the old Roman Empire Germanic kings pressured the Byzantine emperors Justinian retook much of the old Western Roman Empire Rome itself was destroyed, in the process; no longer a major urban center 5/9/2018 SSWH 4 Byzantine & Mongol Empires

Constantinople Ruled the Byzantine (Eastern) Empire City of Byzantium renamed Constantinople in honor of the first Christian Roman emperor City sat astride the Bosporus Strait Excellent sea-trading routes Called “New Rome” by the Emperor Lands included Greece, Asia Minor, Palestine, Syria & Egypt 5/9/2018 SSWH 4 Byzantine & Mongol Empires

SSWH 4 Byzantine & Mongol Empires Constantinople Flourished as a center of culture of trade and culture Bosporus and Dardanelles Straits connected Black Sea region with Mediterranean Numerous land and sea-trading routes passed through Constantinople 5/9/2018 SSWH 4 Byzantine & Mongol Empires

Emperor Headed Both Church & State Byzantine emperors ruled as absolutes Unrestrained authority Considered all lands formerly held by the Roman Empire to be theirs 5/9/2018 SSWH 4 Byzantine & Mongol Empires

The Christian Church Split Into Two Branches (Great Schism) Churches in Rome and Constantinople refused to acknowledge each other’s authority This split was called the “Great Schism” Pope was the head of the Roman Catholic Church in Rome Patriarch was the head of the Eastern Orthodox Church in Constantinople 5/9/2018 SSWH 4 Byzantine & Mongol Empires

Emperor Justinian Re-conquered Roman Lands 527-565 CE – proved to be an able ruler Re-conquered much of old Western Roman Empire (north Africa & western Mediterranean) Byzantine Empire was both a Greek and Christian state Greek replaced Latin as the official language 5/9/2018 SSWH 4 Byzantine & Mongol Empires

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Justinian’s Code of Laws Justinian ordered a code of laws written Code of Justinian became basis of legal systems throughout Europe Justinian was heavily influenced in his decision-making by his wife, Empress Theodora Empire somewhat weakened after Justinian’s death Threatened from without by HUNS, Persians, and eventually the Muslim armies of Muhammad 5/9/2018 SSWH 4 Byzantine & Mongol Empires

Vikings and Eastern Slavs Settled in the Area Known Today as “Russia” Kiev settled by Viking leader, Oleg Growth of Kiev attracted missionaries from Byzantine Empire C. 988 – Eastern Orthodox Christianity became official religion of state Kiev is in modern nation of Ukraine 5/9/2018 SSWH 4 Byzantine & Mongol Empires

Ghengis Khan and the Mongol Empire Pastoral people from modern-day area of Mongolia 1206 – Ghengis Khan elected ruler Empire under Khans grew across Asia Overran eastern Muslim Empire Invaded China 1230s – Overran Russia, Poland, and Hungary No lasting influence in Europe, but heavy influence in China 5/9/2018 SSWH 4 Byzantine & Mongol Empires

SSWH 4 Byzantine & Mongol Empires Mongol Rule in Russia 13th Century – Mongols conquered Russia Forced Russian princes to pay tribute Alexander Nevsky emerged as most powerful Russian prince Ruled as “Czar” (Tsar) Ivan III His descendents became the eventual leaders of all Russia 5/9/2018 SSWH 4 Byzantine & Mongol Empires