The Cold War Unit 9

I. Cold War: Superpowers Face Off

A. Allies Become Enemies 1. At the Yalta Conference, Churchill, FDR, and Stalin agreed to divide Germany into occupation zones. Stalin promised to have free elections in E. Europe.

A. Allies Become Enemies 2. The United Nations was created in June 1945. The international organization was designed to keep peace.

A. Allies Become Enemies 3. After WWII, US and USSR split sharply. US became the richest and most powerful country, and USSR suffered substantially.

B. Eastern Europe’s Iron Curtain 1. As WWII was near its end, Stalin installed Communist gov’ts in bordering countries to serve as a buffer. Truman and Stalin clashed at Potsdam, creating clear conflicts between communism and capitalism.

B. Eastern Europe’s Iron Curtain 2. Europe was divided between East and West. Even Germany was split. Churchill said an “iron curtain” separated democratic W. Europe and Communist E. Europe.

Cold War Cartoons #1 With your partner, analyze this political cartoon using SCAMS. Record your responses in your warm ups.

Cold War Cartoons #2 With your partner, analyze this political cartoon using SCAMS. Record your responses in your warm ups.

C. US Tries to Contain Soviets 1. Truman’s aim to stop the expansion of communism was called containment. Truman’s support for countries rejecting communism, such as Turkey and Greece, was called the Truman Doctrine.

C. US Tries to Contain Soviets This Dutch boy just received shoes. 2. US Sec. of State George Marshall created the Marshall Plan to give food, supplies, and aid to rebuild W. Europe (and fight communism…).

Cold War Cartoons #3 With your partner, analyze this political cartoon using SCAMS. Record your responses in your warm ups.

C. US Tries to Contain Soviets 3. In the hopes of kicking the out the allies, USSR blocked off W. Berlin. The US organized the Berlin airlift to provide supplies to W. Berlin. USSR ended the blockade in 1949.

Berlin Blockade & Airlift

D. The Cold War Divides the World 1a. Until 1991, the Cold War between US and USSR was a struggle over political differences that divided most of the world.

D. The Cold War Divides the World 1b. US and its Western allies, joined NATO in 1949. USSR and its Eastern allies formed the Warsaw Pact in 1955. By 1961, E. Germany built the Berlin Wall separating W. and E. Berlin. NATO Warsaw Pact

The Berlin Wall

D. The Cold War Divides the World 2a. An arms race began after USSR dropped its first A-bomb in 1949. By 1953, US and USSR had hydrogen bombs.

D. The Cold War Divides the World 2b. Sec. of State John Foster Dulles under new US Pres. Eisenhower promoted brinkmanship, threatening massive retaliation without actually going to war. The ongoing arms race basically guaranteed mutually assured destruction.

D. The Cold War Divides the World 3a. The Cold War also caused a space race. Soviets launched a satellite named Sputnik 1 into space in 1957. The US launched its own in1958.

D. The Cold War Divides the World 3b. The US CIA began spy flights over the USSR using U-2 planes. In May 1960, Soviets shot down a U-2 plane, capturing the pilot.

II. The Korean War

A. War in Korea 1. After WWII, Korea was divided at the 38th parallel. North = Communist. South = Non-Communist.

A. War in Korea 2. In 1950, N. Korea invaded S. Korea. US and UN troops led by Gen. MacArthur helped SK.

A. War in Korea 3. MacArthur’s troops were able to push the NKs out of SK. Once his troops invaded NK, China joined the war and quickly pushed UN troops to SK.

A. War in Korea 4. The Korean War ended in a stalemate in 1953. NK allied with China and SK allied with US.