LTFY – Physics and Engineering

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Presentation transcript:

LTFY.01.007 – Physics and Engineering Intrinsic and doped semiconductors. P-N junction. Diodes, LED's, transistors and MOSFET transistor. CCD and CMOS technologies. LTFY.01.007 – Physics and Engineering

Intrinsic and doped semiconductors Si – a semiconductor material At 0K (absolute zero) no free carriers are present !

Current in semiconductor device Supply of new electrons from negatiive terminal !

Intrinsic and doped semiconductors N- and P- doped silicon (Si)

A semiconductor crystal – n-doped Dopant ion + + + + + - + + + - - - - + + + + + + + + - - - - - + + + + + - + + + - - + + + + + + + + - - - + + + + + + + + - - - - + + + + + + + + - - - - + + + + + + + + - - - - - How does a p-doped semiconductor look like ? + + + + + + + + Added free charge carrier

Putting n-doped and p-doped semiconductor together to form a PN junction Electric field - - + + + - + + - - + - + + - + - - + + + - - - + + + - - - + + - + - - - - + + + + + + - - + + - - + - - + + - + + + - - - + + Diffusion force

PN- junction animation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ar7xDMR4P_U

P-N junction

Reverse biasing PN junction + - - - + + + + - + - + + - + - - - - + + - +

Forward biasing PN junction - - - + + - - + + - + + + + - - - - - + - + - - - + + - - - + - - + + - - + + - - + + - + Recombination of holes and electrons possible if diode is „long“

LED – Light Emitting Diode - - - + + - - + + - + + + + + - - - - - - + - + - - - + + - - + - - + - - + + - - + - - + + + - - +

Photodiode=solar-cell + - - + + - + + + + - - - - + - + - - - + + - - - + - - + + + + - - + - +

What is a transistor? An electronic switch for controlling the flow of electric current. Main types: Bipolar (old), field effect (modern MOSFETs) =

C B E Bipolar transistor - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + +

C + + >0.7V B - E Bipolar transistor - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

MOSFET Closed Open

Transistors as electronic switches = digital logic Transistors as electronic switches = digital logic. AND gate – just an example INPUT OUTPUT A B A AND B 1

RGB image sensor

CCD – Charge coupled device

CMOS sensor CMOS active pixel