Compact and Spongy Bone Compact bone Solid, strong bone that is resistant to bending located along the diaphysis of long bones Provides solid structure to the skeletal frame Forms a hollow tube called the medullary cavity

Compact and Spongy Bone Compact Bone Made of cylinder shaped units called osteons Inside osteons are osteonic canals containing two blood vessels that provide nourishment for bone

Compact and Spongy Bone Made of many branching, bony plates Located in the epiphysis of long bones

Compact and Spongy Bone Reduces the weight of the bone Provides strength to bones especially against forces of compression Standing, running Bone marrow is housed between the bony plates

Functions of Bones 1. Support and protection Pelvis, legs, backbone support weight of body Ribs and shoulders protect the heart and lungs

Functions of Bones 2. Movement a. joints help arms and legs swing and rotate b. muscles attach to bones so arms and legs can flex and bend

Functions of Bones 3. Blood cell formation a. Hematopoeisis i. happens in stem cells in red bone marrow in the medullary cavity of long bones

Functions of Bones 4. Storage of inorganic salts a. Stores calcium i. If calcium is low in the body, osteoclasts break down bone and send calcium where it is needed.

Bone Growth and Development Bone grow when existing connective tissue is replaced by bone Bone growth occurs in two ways

Bone Growth and Development In the bones of the skull Cartilage forms in the empty spots of the skull Cartilage changes (differentiates) into bone forming cells called osteoblasts Osteoblasts deposit bone around themselves until gap is filled

Bone Growth and Development In the rest of the skeleton Bones begin as cartilage Osteoblasts form in the Diaphysis and begin forming the periosteum Blood vessels invade the inside of the bone and spongy bone begins to grow

Bone Growth and Development Rest of skeleton continued Compact bone is deposited around the spongy bone Bones lengthen as compact bone is laid down Epiphysis develops last

Bone Growth and Development

Bones of the body Axial skeleton Where is it?

Bones of the body Axial skeleton Includes skull, Ribcage, spine, sacrum and coccyx Spine: know the regions cervical thoracic and lumbar

Bones of the body Appendicular skeleton Where is it?

Bones of the body Appendicular skeleton Label the diagram and be able to answer questions

What is a joint? Joints are functional connections between bones Some move and others do not

Types of joints Immovable Joints The flat bone of the skull

Types of joints Slightly moveable joints Joints between vertebrae

Types of joints Freely moveable joints Ball and socket joints Joints of the shoulder and hip Allows for a lot of types of movement

Types of joints Condyloid joints Joints between phalanges and metacarpals and metatarsals Rotational movement is not possible

Types of joints Gliding Joints Allow for twisting and sliding movements Ankles Wrist vertebrae

Types of joints Hinge joints Allows movement in only one direction like a door hinge Elbow Knee

Types of joints Pivot Joints Allows rotation about a central axis Proximal end of radius and ulna