Musculoskeletal Anatomy Ch. 1

Anatomical Terminology Inferior/Superior Proximal/distal Posterior/anterior Internal/external Lateral/medial Anatomical Position Fundamental position

Skeletal System What is the purpose of the skeletal system? Protection Support/maintain posture Provide attachment for muscles Stores/release minerals Blood cell production Storage of energy

Axial Skeleton Skull Vertebral column Sternum Ribs

Axial Skeleton: Vertebral Column Cervical: 7 Thoracic: 12 Lumbar: 5 Sacral: 5 Coccygeal: 4

Axial Skeleton: Vertebrae

Axial Skeleton: Vertebrae

Axial Skeleton: Vertebrae/Spinal Problems Herniated disc Kyphosis Lumbar lordosis Scoliosis

Appendicular Skeleton Upper body Lower body

Appendicular Skeleton: Upper Body

Appendicular Skeleton: Lower Body…Pelvis

Appendicular Skeleton: Lower Body…Leg

Appendicular Skeleton: Lower Body…Foot

Bones Long bones Short bones Flat bones Irregular Seasamoid

Bones: Structure

Joints What is a joint? Joint movement and stability Ligament

Types of joints Fibrous: Cartilaginous: Synovial: no movement, i.e. skull Cartilaginous: Limited movement, i.e. ribs, sternum Synovial: Joint capsule

Synovial joint

Types of Synovial Joints Gliding Hinge Pivot Condyloid Saddle Ball and socket

Muscular System Over 600 muscles in the body…wowzers!! Makes up 40-50% of body weight 3 types: Skeletal Cardiac Smooth

Muscular System Muscle has 4 main functions: Movement Move substances Stabilize and maintain body positions Generate heat

Muscular System Properties Contractility Extensibility Elasticity

Large Muscles

Structure of Skeletal Muscle Fascia 3 Layers of fascia: Endomysium Perimysium Epimysium

Structure of Skeletal Muscle

Origin and Insertion of Muscles Muscles have two attachment points origin and insertion One stays fixed while the other moves Origin: more proximal to the center of the body and stays fixed Insertion: distal to the center body and this is usually the moveable bone

Muscles of the trunk Important role in stability Anterior: rectus abdominus, external obliques Posterior: erector spinae Muscle Origin Insertion Rectus abdominus Pubis 5-7th ribs and sternum External obliques Lower eight ribs Ilium Erector spinae Ribs, C-T-L vertebrae, ilium Ribs, C-T-L vertebrae

Upper Extremity Muscles Anterior: deltoid, pectoralis major, biceps brachii Posterior: trapezius, latissimus dorsi, triceps brachii

Muscles of the upper extremity Origin Insertion Deltoid Scapula, clavicle Lateral humerus Pectoralis major Sternum, clavicle, anterior ribs Humerus Biceps brachii Scapula Radius, ulna Trapezius C-T vertebrae, base of skull Clavicle, scapula Latissimus dorsi Scarum, ilium, T-L vertebrae Triceps brachii Scapula, humerus Ulna

Muscles of the lower extremity Upper leg anterior: iliopsoas, sartorius, quadriceps (rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis) Lower leg anterior: tibialis anterior

Muscles of the lower extremity Upper posterior: gluteus maximus, hamstrings (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus) Lower posterior: gastrocnemius, soleus

Anterior Muscles of the Lower Extremity Origin insertion Iliopsoas L vertebrae, illium Inner femur Sartorius Ilium Medial tibia Quadriceps Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius Femur Patella, upper tibia Tibialis anterior Lateral tibia 1st metatarsal, 1st cuneiform

Posterior Muscles of the Lower Extremity Origin Insertion Gluteus maximus Posterior ilium, sacrum & coccyx Lateral femur Hamstring Biceps femoris Semitendinosus semimembranosus ischium, femur Ischium Fibula, lateral tibia Medial tibia Gastrocnemius Posterior femur Calcaneus via achilles tendon Soleus Posterior tibia and fibula