Ethanol alters hemodynamic responses to cocaine in rats

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Ethanol alters hemodynamic responses to cocaine in rats Patrick J Mueller, Qi Gan, Mark M Knuepfer Drug & Alcohol Dependence Volume 48, Issue 1, Pages 17-24 (October 1997) DOI: 10.1016/S0376-8716(97)00100-2

Fig. 1 Cardiovascular effects of cocaine (5 mg/kg, open circles), ethanol (475 mg/kg, solid squares) and ethanol (950 mg/kg, solid circles) at the peak pressor response and at 1, 3 and 5 min following the initiation of drug injection (black bar). Significant effects of ethanol, as determined by two way (peak pressor response) and three way (1, 3 and 5 min) analysis of variance (ANOVA), are denoted with an asterisk. Abbreviations include: MAP, mean arterial blood pressure; HR, heart rate; CO, cardiac output; and SysVR, systemic vascular resistance. All data are expressed as mean±S.E.M. Drug & Alcohol Dependence 1997 48, 17-24DOI: (10.1016/S0376-8716(97)00100-2)

Fig. 2 Cardiovascular effects of cocaine (5 mg/kg) and ethanol (475 and 950 mg/kg) at the time of the maximum change in cardiac output (usually within the two minutes after drug). Large symbols (#) represent overall differences between vascular responders (solid bars) and mixed responders (open bars) as determined by two way ANOVA. Asterisks represent differences between responses to cocaine and those to ethanol for individual doses of ethanol as determined by a simple main effects test. Abbreviations are defined in Fig. 1. Drug & Alcohol Dependence 1997 48, 17-24DOI: (10.1016/S0376-8716(97)00100-2)

Fig. 3 Cardiovascular effects of cocaine (COC, 5 mg/kg), compared to ethanol plus cocaine (+EtOH 475 mg/kg). Significant effects of ethanol, as determined by two way ANOVA, are denoted with an asterisk. Significant differences, as determined by a simple main effects test, between vascular responders (solid bars) and mixed responders (open bars) are described in the text. Abbreviations are defined in Fig. 1. Drug & Alcohol Dependence 1997 48, 17-24DOI: (10.1016/S0376-8716(97)00100-2)

Fig. 4 Cardiovascular effects of cocaine (COC, 5 mg/kg) compared to ethanol and cocaine (EtOH, 950 mg/kg). Data were analyzed as described in Fig. 3. Abbreviations are defined in Fig. 1. Drug & Alcohol Dependence 1997 48, 17-24DOI: (10.1016/S0376-8716(97)00100-2)