African-Americans During the Gilded Age
Constitutional Amendments After the Civil War 13th – Prohibits Slavery 14th – Grants citizenship & “equal protection under the law” to all citizens 15th – Grants all men the right to vote The problem was that these provisions of the Constitution were NOT ENFORCED
I. Political Treatment
Intimidation & Violence Examples Literacy Tests Poll Taxes Grandfather Clauses Intimidation & Violence
Examples Literacy Tests Poll Taxes Grandfather Clauses Intimidation & Violence All these limit political participation of blacks
II. Economic Treatment
Sharecropping
Domestic & Manual Jobs
III. Social Treatment
“Jim Crow” Laws Become the norm
Lynchings
IV. Reformers in Conflict Booker T. Washington W.E.B. Du Bois
Tuskegee Institute
Niagara Movement & NAACP 8:15-11:00 Life for AA, Washington v. DuBois