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Unit 11 – Sports Nutrition Jade - jadec@calderdale.ac.uk Level 3 Sport Unit 11 – Sports Nutrition Jade - jadec@calderdale.ac.uk

Unit Learning Outcomes Know the concepts of nutrition and digestion Know energy intake and expenditure in sports performance Know the relationship between hydration and sports performance Be able to plan a diet appropriate for a selected sports activity

Introductory Task What do you know about the ‘function’ and ‘structure’ of the digestive system???

After this session you should be able to… Learning Objectives After this session you should be able to… Describe the functions of the digestive system - digestion, absorption and excretion Describe the structure of the digestive system Aim higher… Explain the structures of the digestive system in relation to their functions (digestion, absorption and excretion)

Functions of the Digestive System Digestion Absorption Excretion Task Define the terms above Where do each of these processes happen?

Functions of the Digestive System Digestion A multi-stage process of breaking down large molecules into smaller molecules There are mechanical (chewing/churning) and chemical (enzymes/acids) elements to this process

Functions of the Digestive System Absorption This is the movement of digested food from inside the digestive system into your body/blood so you can use the nutrients It mostly happens in the small intestine where there is a large surface area due to ‘villi’ Nutrients move through the small intestine wall into the blood stream

1. Digested food travels through the small intestine 2. Nutrients (carbs, fats and proteins) are absorbed from inside the intestine, through the wall to get into the body 3. The nutrients can then be used by the body e.g. proteins for muscle growth

Functions of the Digestive System Excretion The removal of end products - this is important to maintain health The kidneys excrete urine The large intestine excretes faeces

Structure of the Digestive System Buccal cavity, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, pancreas, liver, gall bladder, bile duct, large intestine, kidneys, rectum, anus, appendix, diaphragm, epiglottis Task Do you know the location of the above? What does each structure do?

Q. What is the role of each of these structures? The Digestive System Q. What is the role of each of these structures?

Digestive System Structure Mouth Taste buds give taste sensations Teeth grind and breakdown the food Food is mixed with saliva The enzyme salivary amylase in saliva starts to digest carbohydrates The tongue helps with swallowing. The food then travels down the oesophagus into the stomach. This takes around 6 seconds. Remember the epiglottis helps to make sure that food only goes down the oesophagus and not the respiratory tubes!

Digestive System Structure Stomach A stretchy, muscular sac Food is churned and mixed with acid and enzymes to break it down even more Hydrochloric acid kills any bacteria The enzyme pepsin starts the digestion of proteins

Digestive System Structure Churned food gradually enters the small intestine Many enzymes for fat, carbohydrate and protein digestion are found here - food is digested further Digested food starts to absorb into the body through the small intestine wall The wall has ‘finger like’ projections to increase the surface area of the small intestine to enhance absorption

Digestive System Structure Gall Bladder Releases bile made in the liver into the small intestine to help with fat digestion and absorption Pancreas Releases more digestive enzymes into the small intestine Kidneys Filter the blood and remove excess water and waste products Urine is produced, stored is the bladder and excreted STOMACH

Digestive System Structure Large Intestine The left over products move through the large intestine Water is absorbed back into the body here so the contents inside the intestine become solid The waste is stored then is excreted via the anus

Resources Guts: the strange and mysterious world of the human stomach (Planet E-stream) Anatomy for beginners: Digestion (Planet E-stream)