Draw an annotated diagram of the digestive system. The structure of the digestive system allows it to move, digest and absorb food. Draw an annotated diagram of the digestive system. What parts can you name? A A B C D E F G H C B E G D F H

Draw an annotated diagram of the digestive system. The structure of the digestive system allows it to move, digest and absorb food. Draw an annotated diagram of the digestive system. What parts can you name? A A Esophagus (cardiac sphincter) B Stomach (pyloric sphincter) C Liver (bile duct) D Pancreas (bile duct) E Gall Bladder (bile duct) F Small Intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) G Large Intestine (ascending, transverse, descending) H Colon (rectum) C B E G D F H

Peristalsis is able to keep food moving throughout the digestive tract. Peristalsis is a combination of contraction of smooth and longitudinal muscles that contract synergistically to move the bolus of food. This gradual movement of food is a result of the continual contraction of muscles that surround our digestive tract. This is one reason your resting metabolism takes up about 10 – 20% of your daily metabolism!

Food is catabolized(digested) in three ways in the digestive system. 1. Mouth – Mechanical/Chemical Digestion 2. Stomach – Mechanical/Chemical Teeth – Chewing Salivary Glands – Salivary Amylase (starch breakdown) Rugae/Muscles – contract and squish food Acid/Peptidase – protein breakdown, chemical digestion 3. Small Intestine – Mechanical/Chemical -The Small Intestine plays the most significant role in digestion and absorption of food and nutrients, the two key functions of the digestive system. It does this in two ways: 1. Enzymes 2. Villi

Digestive enzymes are specialized to their substrates. The pancreas provides the enzymes for digestion to occur in the duodenum of the small intestine. Endopeptidase – break down the non-terminal amino acids of the amino acid chains in proteins (Animal Protein -> Amino Acids) Lipase – Breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol backbone -> Amylase – Breaks down starches still present in food into simple carbohydrates PANCREAS Why can pancreatic amylase digest starch, but not cellulose? Look at the difference in the bonds to infer.

The small intestine is structured so that it has the maximum amount of digestion and absorption. A transverse section of the small intestine. Be able to identify the following structures: Epithelium Mucosa Longitudinal Muscle Circular Muscle

The small intestine is structured so that it has the maximum amount of digestion and absorption. A transverse section of the small intestine. Epithelium Longitudinal Muscle Be able to identify the following structures: Epithelium Mucosa Longitudinal Muscle Circular Muscle Mucosa Circular Muscle Revision – In what ways are the muscular, blood and digestive systems related?

Your Task – To create a Room Size model of the digestive system as a class. Materials : Large Poster Paper Construction Paper Scissors Tape Markers Steps – Each group will be responsible for a portion of the Digestive Tract. Mouth/Esophagus Stomach Liver, Pancreas Small Intestine Large Intestine Each group must perform the functions of the specific section of the digestive system on the bolus as it moves from the front door to the back door of the class. Modify your section of the classroom, to mimic the interaction with food in the most effective way possible, so that the bolus of food can be completely digested as it passes through.

Track your diet – What are you made of? For 24 Hours, compile information on the food that you put into your body. Take the time to measure, and read about the ingredients in your food. How it works: Calculate your basic caloric intake for each day. (http://www.calculator.net/calorie-calculator.html) Before each meal, take an account of all of the ingredients that are used in foods that are processed, and if the food is a whole food (raw fruits, veggies, etc) then use a calculator such as MyFitnessPal (app) to calculate the calories from ingredients by weight. You should have: -Information on the macronutrients you consumed (Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids -Create a Pie Chart, representing each of these for your diet from one day.) -Separate the ingredients between natural versions, and processed versions (i.e. raw sugar vs. artificial sweeteners.) -Assess the total Caloric deficit/surplus that you have for that day, and make a statement about what you incorporated into your body over the last 24 hours. In the end, what we do each day makes us who we are.