A New World 1477-1752 Explorers

Essential Questions  How did Native American culture change as a result of European exploration?  Why did the Europeans (French, Spanish, and British) explore and settle in the southeastern part of North America? This is an essential question for this section of the chapter.

Age of Discovery For almost 3 centuries, European nations would challenge each other for rights to the Western Hemisphere.

Plus Scattered Islands in the Ocean Europeans believed the world consisted of only 3 continents: World Europe Plus Scattered Islands in the Ocean Africa Asia

European Colonization Line of Demarcation – Spain and Portugal signed a treaty which divided the world in two halves, giving Spain control of the New World.

Other European nations refused to accept Spain and Portugal’s division of the Americas between themselves.  England and France prepared to make their own explorations.

Columbus’s first voyage. The Race Is On... Spain financed more than 80 voyages to the New World during the 12 years after Columbus’s first voyage.

How much land could an explorer claim and for how long? Any first discovery claims had to be followed by actual occupation  It was not enough to plant a flag on the beach.  To enforce a claim, settlers and soldiers from the explorer’s country must follow and colonize (occupy and control) the land.  Did not require permission from Native Americans.  Felt a moral duty to convert the natives to Christianity.

Spain Comes to the Southeast God Gold Glory Convert the Natives Spain Comes to the Southeast Expand Its Empire Discover New Riches

More Than Gold Changed Hands... Wheat Oranges Sugar cane Horses Cows Pigs Chickens Take to the New World Corn Potatoes Tomatoes Pineapple Tobacco Bring Back to Spain Instructional Approach: This slide addresses the economic standard for the unit. Questions you can ask: How did the Spanish establish trade with the Native Americans?

Mission: Search for Gold & Conquer Hostile Indians Hernando de Soto

In return, he would be given a title, land, and a portion of the colony’s profits.

In 1540, Spanish explorer Hernando De Soto, with hundreds of men, marched north from Tampa, Florida into southwest Georgia (near today’s Albany).

The Mississippians meet the Spaniards On this journey, the Spanish encountered the Indian chiefdoms of the Mississippian period. Instructional Approach: Discuss the different elements of the pictures. Be sure to point out the Spaniards in the bottom left and the cross going up in the top right. How are these images indicative of how the Native American culture was forced to change with the arrival of the Europeans? You can also mention that Spanish missions were established on the barrier islands.

Journey of Death & Disappointment Food was a continual problem. Often seized stored food supplies from Indians. Meat was in such short supply that the expedition reportedly even ate the dogs of some Indian villages.

Spanish Missions Mission – Definition: A religious church or station established in a foreign land to allow missionaries to spread their religion. In 1566, Spain established missions on Georgia’s Cumberland Island and St. Catherine’s Island, called Santa Catalina. During the same century, posts were established at Sapelo and St. Simon’s Island. The missions were used by the Spanish to convert the Native Americans to Catholicism but also served as a trading post; Native Americans used the missions to integrate themselves into the European world.

De Soto’s weapons, plated armor, and horses overwhelmed the Native Americans; thousands of American Indians in Georgia died, many from disease brought by the Spaniards.

During the two centuries following the discovery of the New World, Diseases The Native Americans were exposed for the first time to European diseases against which they had little resistance. Measles Chicken pox Small pox During the two centuries following the discovery of the New World, 90% of the Native Population vanished.

Native Americans Spanish Weapons of Stone & Wood Spanish Guns Steel Swords Metal Armor Horses Instructional Approach: Have the students look at this slide. Discuss with the students how the Native Americans outnumbered the Spaniards. What technology did the Spaniards have that made them more dominant than the Native Americans? What other things contributed to the defeat the Native Americans?

The Spaniards marched across Georgia into South Carolina, but never found the gold they sought.

Explorer Date Country Represented Hernando de Soto 1540 Spain Territory Discovered/Explored Results of Exploration Explored Georgia and Southeastern North America Failed to Find Riches, Brought Death and Destruction to Indians

Three Countries Vie for Land Instructional Approach: As you have the students on this slide, have them talk about the characteristics that the countries have that are similar and that are different. How would those things impact the land grab? Also recap what was taught about Spain.

England In 1497, John Cabot sailed from England to the northeastern coast of North America.

England’s reasons to settle in the New world Mercantilism – the belief that countries should export more than they import. Countries wanted to take over as many of the world’s natural resources as possible

French Claims in the Southeast France was the 3rd European power to enter the race for North America. Giovanni de Verrazano believed that he could sail westward from Europe to Asia. First, landed on the Carolina coast.

Jean Ribault Jean Ribault and a band of 150 Hugenots (French Protestants) landed on Florida’s coast and sailed northward looking for a place to settle. Just north of present-day Savannah, Ribault discovered a protected inlet, which he named Port Royal. Spain was outraged and quickly drove the French out and captured Fort Caroline and then executed the French Huguenots.

So what did FRANCE do? (Reason for exploration) Established the Louisiana Territory and a lucrative fur trade

Wrapping it Up Write a paragraph together of what the main purposes of each country was and where each country predominately settled.