December 13, 2016 Bell ringer: Have you ever had a small cut or other injury that became red or painful or developed pus? Write describing what the area of injury looked like for several days. Chapter 24, Lesson 2 Objective: Distinguish risk factors associated with communicable and noncommunicable diseases.

Words to know Immune system Inflammatory response Phagocyte Antigen Immunity Lymphocyte Antibody vaccine

Physical and chemical barriers Compare the protective equipment worn by this goalie to your physical and chemical barriers… How might behaviors such as wearing appropriate safety equipment help protect you from pathogens (bacteria that can cause disease)?

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL BARRIERS These make up your body’s first line of defense. They protect against a wide variety of invaders. Skin: first line of defense against many pathogens Tears: destroy or disable many pathogens Mucous membrane: produce mucus Cilia: hair like projections that sweep mucus

The inflammatory response A reaction to tissue damage caused by injury or infection. Purpose is to prevent further tissue injury and halt invading pathogens. Ex- suppose a splinter enters your finger. Your body reacts to the damage caused. If you have ever had the area around an injury become hot, swollen, red and painful, you are experiencing the inflammatory response.

The inflammatory response One type of cell that responds to injury is called a phagocyte (white blood cell that attacks invading pathogens). One the pathogens are killed and tissue damage is under control, tissue repairs can begin. specific defenses are activated, and these activations are an effect to prevent this same infection from occurring again. (chicken pox)

The inflammatory Response When an injury happens, the body reacts in the following ways: Blood flows to the wound Phagocytes attack invading pathogens Pus begins to form https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v Z9ykvRhWK0&t=2s

Specific Defenses These react to invasions as a result of the body’s ability to recognize certain pathogens and destroy them. This is called the immune response. During this time, certain types of white blood cells react to antigens (substances that are found on the surfaces of pathogens and in toxins). The ending result of the immune response is immunity ( protection against particular disease).

Lymphocytes.. Remember this? Lymph is? Cytes is? Two types: Helper T cells: Trigger the production of B cells and the killer T cells Killer T cells: attack the pathogens themselves, only the infected cells Suppressor T cells: coordinate the activities of other T cells. They “turn off” helper T cells when the infection has been cleared.

Brain teaserssssss I am an odd number. Take away one letter and I become even. What number am I?  Who makes it, has no need of it. Who buys it, has no use for it.  Who uses it can neither see nor feel it.  What is it

answers Seven. Take away the “s” and It becomes even A coffin

Types of Antibody Cells The types of antibody cells are: White blood cells T cells Lymphocytes

The following are the stages for the Immune Response Write down Stage 1 of the immune response. Make sure you write “the 1st stage of the immune response is……”

Care of your Immune System Follow a sensible eating plan to maintain your overall health and keep your immune system STRONG! Include whole grains and nutrient-rich foods Ex- fruits and vegetables, reduce intake of sugars, fats, and salt. Drink six to eight 8-ounce glasses of water each day.

Care of immune system Get about an hour of physical activity daily! Especially to relieve stress! Avoid sharing personal items- Towels, toothbrushes, hairbrushes and makeup Avoid tobacco, alcohol and drugs Avoid sexual contact. Some STDs destroy immune system Keep your immunizations up to date!

Vaccines to Aid the Body’s Defense Live-Virus Vaccines: made from pathogens grown under labs conditions to make them lose most of their disease-causing properties. Although weakened, it can still stimulate antibodies. Vaccines such as measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) and chicken pox are produced this way. Killed-Virus vaccines: Uses inactivated pathogens. Even though they are dead, the organism still stimulates an immune response. Ex- flu shots, hepatitis A, rabies, cholera and plague. Toxoids: inactivated toxins from pathogens. Used to stimulate the production of antibodies. Many are not harmful, but toxins they produce cause sickness. Ex- tetanus

Immunization for All If you are vaccinated against a disease, you cannot spread that disease to others. They protect you but also help protect the health status of those around you, Except for tetanus, which only protects the individual who receives it. You should have up-to-date immunizations, including those for tetanus, measles, mumps, rubella and hepatitis B. Vaccinations against chicken pox is recommended if you have not had this disease. Some vaccines require more than one dose over time or what we call a Booster Shot.

Why you should get vaccinated https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3aNhzLUL2ys