Today we are going to look at some events, issues, and crises during the Jimmy Carter Presidency

James Earl Carter (D) - Georgia governor (from Plains, GA) VP Candidate - Walter Mondale (MN) A Washington “Outsider” Honest, Hardworking, Intelligent (Do you know which presidents have the highest IQs?) Born-again Christian (Southern Baptist) Moderate Southerner regarding social issues - especially race Appealed to small town America The 1976 Election

Key Events and Issues of the Carter Presidency Domestic Issues Pardon of Vietnam War Draft Evaders Energy Crisis Three-Mile Island Nuclear Accident Foreign Issues Panama Canal Treaty Camp David Accords Iran-Hostage Crisis

Presidential Pardon Jimmy Carter came across as an honest man of deep religious faith who promised not to lie to the American people. Carter immediately tried to help the nation heal some of the wounds of the past. He issued a pardon to thousands of Vietnam War draft dodgers.

U.S. Relationship with Israel After WWII the state of Israel was created and the US quickly recognized its sovereignty. The surrounding Arab nations – many of which were good friends of the US violently opposed Israel’s existence. The historic conflict between Israel and the Arab/Muslim world has complicated the US role in the region. The US support of Jewish State during the 1967 Six Day War and 1973 Yom Kippur War, upset many Arab nations (many of which turned to the USSR during the Cold War.) The US dependence on foreign oil will have a major influence on foreign policy. This resource will become a national security priority.

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

ENERGY CRISIS

The Energy Crises of the 1970s Effects: Seek alternative fuel sources More fuel-efficient automobiles More domestic petroleum exploration and production OPEC Oil Embargo (response to US support for Israel) Gas Shortages Gas-price inflation National Energy Policy

Rise in Consumption Gas Guzzling “Muscle” Cars

Gas Shortage

Nuclear Accident

Three-Mile Island Middletown, Pennsylvania Nuclear Power station the most serious accident in U.S. commercial nuclear power plant operating history Media attention and public backlash to the accident led to nuclear protests all over the world http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eGI7VymjSho Picture from NARA archives

Nuclear Protests following TMI Safety of nuclear energy questioned sweeping changes to regulation of nuclear power What is the latest nuclear accident?

The Panama Canal Treaty Treaty would return control of Canal Zone to Panama “On September 7, 1977, President Jimmy Carter signed the Panama Canal Treaty and Neutrality Treaty promising to give control of the canal to the Panamanians by the year 2000.” Divisive and controversial For some Americans, loss of control of the canal represented a decline in American power Image source: http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/sharemed/targets/images/pho/t058/T058891A.jpg http://www.state.gov/p/wha/rlnks/11936.htm http://www.americaslibrary.org/cgi-bin/page.cgi/jb/modern/pancanal_1 http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/latin_america/panamacanal/newshour_coverage1.html -Sept 17, 1977 - Debate on MacNeil/Lehrer Newshour on the Panama Canal Treaty between Sen Strom Thurmond and Lt. Gen Welborn Dolvin http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/latin_america/panamacanal/canal_12-14.html Site documents - former President Jimmy Carter was on hand at the ceremony officially turning over control of the Panama Canal to Panamanian authorities.

Camp David Accords

Camp David Peace Accords Anwar el-Sadat (EGYPT) Menachem Begin (ISRAEL) Met at Camp David Presidential Retreat Center, Maryland.

Camp David Peace Accords The Camp David Accords were a major breakthrough in relations between countries. Agreed to work on peace treaty. Israel to withdraw from Sinai Peninsula (occupied since Six-Day War in 1967) Egypt – First Arab country to recognize the existence of the nation of Israel

Quote on Camp David Accords “The Camp David Accords rank as one of the most important achievements of the Carter administration. First, they opened the way to peace between Egypt and Israel, which transformed the entire political, military, and strategic character of the Middle East dispute. Genuine peace between Egypt and Israel meant there would be no major Arab-Israeli war, whatever the positions of [other Arab groups].” Secretary of State Cyrus Vance

U.S. – Iran Relations

US-Iranian Relations US supported Shah (King) of Iran The Shah had modernized Iran Supplier of oil and pro-Western leadership in the region. US overlooked repression and corruption of his administration

Khomeini takes power

The Iranian Revolution Backed by Muslim Fundamentalists and liberal critics of the Shah The Shah fled Iran Replaced by Ayatollah Khomeini - who had been exiled Extremely anti-Western President Carter allowed the Shah into the US for cancer treatment.

Iran Hostage Crisis

Seized the US Embassy Followers of Khomeini seized US Embassy 66 American hostages taken Hostages terrorized and threatened https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w918Eh3fij0

444 Days American public grew increasingly impatient for hostages release Carter tried to rescue: Broke diplomatic relations with Iran Froze Iranian assets in the US 1980 Commando Mission to rescue hostages (disastrous crash in Iranian desert) 8 US soldiers died and the US was internationally humiliated

Hostages released… Hostages released on Inauguration of Ronald Reagan Reagan sent Carter an invitation (as a private citizen) to greet the freed hostages

Greeting Cards You must have words and image on front and Hallmark claims to have a greeting card for all occasions. You will need to Create 1 Greeting Card for each of the following: (4 total) Energy Crisis U.S. relationship with Israel Iran Hostages Camp David Accords You must have words and image on front and a corresponding message inside.