SOIL CHARACTERISTIC I.

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((الخواص الأسـاســيـة للـتـربــة (Basic Characteristics of Soil)

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Presentation transcript:

SOIL CHARACTERISTIC I

Three Phases in Soils S : Solid Soil particle W: Liquid Water (electrolytes) A: Air Air

MEKANIKA TANAH A. Komposisi tanah MENGHITUNG BERAT TANAH W= Ww + Ws Tanah terdiri dari : Butiran tanah yang padat (solid) Air (water) Udara (air) MENGHITUNG BERAT TANAH W= Ww + Ws Dimana Wa0 Ww= weight of water Ws Weight of solid  Vv = Volume Pori MENGHITUNG VOLUME TANAH BILA VOLUME TANAH = V  Vs = Volume Solid  Vw = Volume air  Va = Volume udara V = Vs + Vw + Va Vv = Vw + Va

Three Volumetric Ratios (1) Void ratio e (given in decimal, 0.65) (2) Porosity n (given in percent 100%, 65%) (3) Degree of Saturation S (given in percent 100%, 65%)

Value of void ratio (e) Demonstration of dilatancy 1885 Reynold

Engineering Implications (e)(Cont.) Hydraulic conductivity SC e = 0.91 CT e = 0.65 The fluid (water) can flow more easily through the soil with higher hydraulic conductivity

Engineering Applications (e) Filter SC e = 0.91 The finer particle cannot pass through the void Clogging CT e = 0.65

Engineering Applications (S) Completely dry soil S = 0 % Completely saturated soil S = 100% Unsaturated soil (partially saturated soil) 0% < S < 100% Demonstration: Effects of capillary forces Engineering implications: Slope stability Underground excavation

Engineering Applications (S) (Cont.) 80 % of landslides are due to erosion and “loss in suction” in Hong Kong. The slope stability is significantly affected by the surface water. (Au, 2001)

Density and Unit Weight Mass is a measure of a body's inertia, or its "quantity of matter". Mass is not changed at different places. Weight is force, the force of gravity acting on a body. The value is different at various places (Newton's second law F = ma) (Giancoli, 1998) The unit weight is frequently used than the density is (e.g. in calculating the overburden pressure).

Weight Relationships (1)Water Content w For some organic soils w>100%, up to 500 % For quick clays, w>100% (2)Density of water (slightly varied with temperatures) (3) Unit Weight of soil Dry Unit Weight (S=0%) Total, wet, moisture Unit Weight 0%<S<100% M:Mega Please tell student to correct the density of water Mg/m3 instead of Mg/cm3 Saturated Unit Weight S=100% Submerged unit weight Berat isi tanah dalam kondisi terendam Unit weight of water 9.8 kN/m3