Department of Neuroscience

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Presentation transcript:

Department of Neuroscience THE BASAL GANGLIA Stephen Crocker, Ph.D. Department of Neuroscience L4012 crocker@uchc.edu

FUNCTIONS Cerebral Cortex Basal Ganglia Facilitates cortical output that initiates and produces effective motor (emotional and cognitive) behaviors. Inhibits cortical output that produces competing or ineffective motor (emotional and cognitive) behaviors. Except primary auditory and visual cortices 2/23 SJC/SJP: MEDS 371, 29 Mar 12

Help Elucidate the Functions How Did Disease Help Elucidate the Functions of the Basal Ganglia? 3/23 SJC/SJP: MEDS 371, 01 Apr 10

DISEASES OF THE BASAL GANGLIA Hypokinesias impairment in initiation, velocity and amplitude of movement, hypertonia Hyperkinesias extra movements (dyskinesias), hypotonia Dementias cognitive and emotional dysfunctions (e.g. Parkinson’s Disease) (e.g. Huntington’s Disease) Put Parkinson’s & Huntington’s here as examples. Describe symptoms. 4/23 SJC/SJP: MEDS 371, 01 Apr 10

Sir William Richard Gowers Parkinson Disease sketch 1886 PARKINSON'S DISEASE Sir William Richard Gowers Parkinson Disease sketch 1886 Wikipedia.com 5/23 SJC/SJP: MEDS 371, 01 Apr 10

PARKINSON'S DISEASE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sf1N0Zf5IqA 6/23 SJC/SJP: MEDS 371, 01 Apr 10

HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SpNsspu16Pg 7/23 SJC/SJP: MEDS 371, 01 Apr 10

Substantia Innominata NEUROANATOMY BASAL GANGLIA Caudate Putamen Globus Pallidus ……… Substantia Innominata Nucleus Basalis Nucleus Accumbens Olfactory Tubercle Dorsal Ventral ASSOCIATED NUCLEI Subthalamic Nucleus Substantia Nigra 8/23

Regions of the cerebral cortex that project to the corpus striatum neuro4e-fig-18-04-0.jpg

How Do These Parts Work Together? 12/23 SJC/SJP: MEDS 371, 01 Apr 10

Integrative Signaling In the Basal Ganglia 16/23 SJC/SJP: MEDS 371, 01 Apr 10

Insert Figure 18.3 and 18.4 from Purves here. 11/23 SJC/SJP: MEDS 371, 01 Apr 10

STRIATAL ANATOMY Association Ctx (layers IIII-V) Limbic & Other (deep layer V) Somatosensory Ctx Motor Ctx Substantia Nigra compacta Direct pathway (action selection) Striosome Indirect pathway (action suppression) Matrix Medium spiny neurons Cholinergic interneurons Degenerating dopaminergic axons

Huntington’s Hypokinesias Disease Parkinson’s Disease Hemiballism, Athetosis 23/23 SJC/SJP: MEDS 371, 01 Apr 10

22/23 SJC/SJP: MEDS 371, 01 Apr 10