Welcome to Physical Science 1

Ch 1-Science skills Science vs Technology SCIENCE= system of knowledge & the methods you use to find knowledge TECHNOLOGY= the application of scientific knowledge to improve the quality of life Which came first-science or technology? 2

What is Physical Science? PHYSICS= study of matter & energy & the interactions between the two through forces & motion 3

CHEMISTRY= study of the composition (what matter is made up of), structure, properties (what matter is like & how it behaves), & reactions of matter

SCIENTIFIC THEORY versus SCIENTIFIC LAW Theory=an Explanation based on many observations supported by experimental results (explains why things work the way that they do) 5

SCIENTIFIC THEORY versus SCIENTIFIC LAW Law=“rule of nature” Evidence summed up by related observations & experimental results to describe a pattern found in nature. 6

What is the SCIENTIFIC METHOD? an organized plan for gathering, organizing, & communicating information 7

STEPS 1) OBSERVATION= using senses to gather info 2) PROBLEM= what do you want to know? 3) HYPOTHESIS= educated guess 4) EXPERIMENT= way to test hypothesis 8

STEPS in the experiment Manipulated variable (Independent)= causes a change in another Responding variable (Dependent)= the variable that changes in response to the manipulated variable 9

STEPS in the experiment Controlled Experiment= a standard for comparison, hold a variable constant (does not change) 10

STEPS 5) ANAYLZE DATA= in words, charts, &/or graphs 6) CONCLUSION= Accept or Reject hypothesis, what you learn/discover 11

Analyze Data w/ Graphs Graph= a visual display of info Pie Graphs= shows how some fixed quantities are broken down into parts *must equal 100% Bar Graphs= show info collected by counting 12

Analyze Data w/ Graphs Line Graphs= shows changes occurring over time Direct proportion= ratio of 2 variables is constant, both increase or decrease Inverse (Indirect) proportion= as one variable increases the other decreases, vice versa 13

Graphs 14

Identify the- 1. Control Group 2. Independent Variable Bart believes that mice exposed to microwaves will become extra strong. He decides to perform this experiment by placing 10 mice in a microwave for 10 seconds. He compared these 10 mice to another 10 mice that had not been exposed. His test consisted of a heavy block of wood that blocked the mouse food. He found that 8 out of 10 of the microwaved mice were able to push the block away. 7 out of 10 of the non-microwaved mice were able to do the same. Identify the- 1. Control Group 2. Independent Variable 3. Dependent Variable 4. What should Bart's conclusion be? 5. How could Bart's experiment be improved? 15

GUESS G= Given, identify the given information U= Unknown, identify the unknown, what are you trying to solve for? E= Equation, what equation should you use to solve the problem? S= Substitute the numbers in for the letters in the equation S= Solve, plug in the calculator, chug get an answer….don’t forget the units! 16