Year 10 Biology Adaptations

Student Learning Outcomes Define define the terms habitat and adaptation and to outline the three types of adaptations (structural, functional and behavioural) and give examples.

Habitat The place where an organism LIVES The habitat for an eel (tuna) is a fresh water stream. The habitat for a fur seal (kekeno) is the sea.

What is the habitat of… b) Earthworm (toke) Kiwi The habitat for kiwi is the forest floor The habitat for toke is beneath the surface of the soil

Adaptations Adaptations are characteristics (features) of a living thing that help it to survive Adaptations can be: Structural Functional Behavioural

Structural Adaptations A structural adaptation is a physical feature of an organism. e.g. A polar bear has white fur. This helps it to disguise itself (camouflage) in it the snow.

Functional Adaptations A functional adaptation is the workings of the organisms body e.g. A snail (ngata) produces mucus (slime). This is to help ngata slide over rough surfaces

Behavioural Adaptations Behavioural adaptations are how the organism behaves (what it does) e.g. A bat (pekapeka) is nocturnal (only comes out at night). This is to hide from predators.

Ururoa (great white shark This ururoa (great white shark), tempted by the tuna dangling from the rope, is preparing to strike. In Māori society, people who were voracious eaters were said to have the stomach of a shark. However, the shark was also admired for fighting to the end – as the proverb says: ‘Kia mate ururoa, kei mate wheke’ (Die like a shark, not like a limp octopus).

attracted to movement in the water that looks like an injured seal Hunt alone Behavioral To rip prey apart Eyes that roll back during attack Shark (mango) adaptations Sharp teeth Functional Streamlined body To swim through the water Structural gills Teeth that grow back if lost Fins To assist swimming To get oxygen out of the water

PORCUPINES Porcupines have big spikes to ward off predators (structural). They roll up into a ball when a predator comes near (behavioural). They have a good sense of smell to find food (functional).

Penguins Penguins have a large layer of blubber to keep them warm (structural). They are able to hold their breath for a long time underwater to help them hunt for food (functional). Male Emperor penguins hold the egg on their feet for 2 months to incubate the embryo (behavioural).