Application Of Mechanical Engineering A NATIONAL CONFRENCE 2016 Application Of Mechanical Engineering Bapurao Deshmukh College Of Engineering Sevagrma (Wardha) Title - A Review of Material and Design of Tires Author – Abhijit kumar Date 23RD September 2016

CONTENTS Introduction Types of tires Functions of tires Tires composition Tires materials Tire manufacturing Tires components Conclusion Indian famous tires company References

Introduction Fig No:- 1 A tire is a thick piece of rubber which is fitted onto the wheels of vehicles such as cars, buses, and bicycles. Tires provide traction between the vehicle and the road while providing a flexible cushion that absorbs shock. Tires are a very important part of your vehicle. This is what gives you your suspension, handling, load carrying capacity, lets vehicle roll smoothly. Think of how many revolutions a tire undergoes in it’s lifetime.

Types of tire All-terrain Tire Run-Flat Tires These tires (fig 2) provide good performance on most road surfaces, in most weather conditions, and for off-road driving. The tread pattern on these tires may wear more quickly than others. Fig No:- 2 Run-Flat Tires These tires (fig 2) can be driven on with no air pressure. and to enable the vehicle to continue to be driven at reduced speeds 89 km/h. Fig No:- 3 All-Season Tires These tires (fig 4) offer good overall performance on most road surfaces and in most weather conditions. Fig No:- 4

Types of tire Summer-Only Tires Snow/Winter Tires Performance Tires These tires have a special tread and compound that are optimized for maximum dry- and wet-road performance. Fig No:- 5 Snow/Winter Tires These tires are designed for increased traction on snow- and ice-covered roads. Fig No:- 6 Performance Tires These tires are designed for enhanced handling under demanding circumstances and generally have high-speed ratings with a low aspect ratio for improved control. These tires are not built for winter conditions. Fig No:- 7

Types of tire Universal Tires have dual directional arrows Fig No:- 8 Can have a dual directional arrow showing which way to mount the tire for front or rear fitment.

Properties of tires Carry Load Transmit Drive/Braking torque Produce Cornering Force Provide Steering response Cushion Road Inputs Dimensional Stability Consume Minimum Power Low Noise / Vibration Tolerate Poor Maintenance Durable and Safe Performance Long Wear Life

Materials of a Passenger Car Tire NATURAL/ SYNTHETIC RUBBER FABRIC CHEMICALS OILS CARBON BLACK STEEL WIRE Fig No:- 9

Stable materials Reactive materials Polymer Silanes (coupling agents) Carbon black (filler) Silica (filler) Mineral oil (plasticizer) Resins Waxes Zinc oxide (activator) Processing aids (fatty acids, esters, glycol derivatives) Silanes (coupling agents) Adhesives Accelerators (cross linking) Sulfur (cross linking) Stearic acid (activator) Retarders (cross linking) Antioxidants

Overview of the Tire Manufacturing Process Fig No:- 10

Component of tire Fig No:- 11

Illustration of Typical Tire Markings Fig No:- 12

CONCLUSION The tire has a key role to play, as it is the only point of contact between the vehicle and the road. It involves designing tires which do not make any sacrifices thanks to leading technologies. With tires, drivers get safety, driving pleasure, fuel savings and longevity. All at the same time with no trade off. REFERENCES Cobuild Advanced British English Dictionary Mark, J., T. Erman, and B. Eirich (Eds.): Science and Technology of Rubber San Diego: Academic Press, 1994. http://www.mycertifiedservice.com http://www.chem1.com/acad/webtext/states/polymer-images/tire%20composition.jpg Veith, A.G.: Tyre tread wear – the joint influence of compound properties and environmental factors. Tyre Sci Technol 23: 212-237 (1995). Heinz-Hermann Greve "Rubber, 2.Natural" in Ullmann's Encylopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2000, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. dio:10.1002/14356007.a23_225 http://thetiredigest.michelin.com/an-unknown-object-the-tire-manufacture-of-the-tire

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