Coach Martin The Civil War Begins

Big Idea The secession of Southern states cause the North and the South to take up arms

Confederates Fire on Fort Sumter The Confederacy takes Control Confederate soldiers take over government and military installations Fort Sumter Union Outpost in Charleston harbor Confederates demand surrender of Fort Sumter Lincoln’s Dilemma Reinforcing fort by force would lead rest of slave states to secede Evacuating fort would legitimize Confederacy and endanger Union

Confederates Fire on Fort Sumter First Shots Lincoln doesn’t reinforce but only sends food Jefferson Davis chooses to turn peaceful secession into war Fires on Sumter April 12, 1861 Virginia Secedes The fall of Fort Sumter unites North Volunteers rush to enlist Virginia unwilling to fight South Secedes from Union Three more states secede and border states remain in Union

Americans expect a short war Confederate Advantages Union Advantages Cotton profits Better Generals and Leaders Motivation More Soldiers Factories Railroads

Americans Expect a Short War The Union’s Plan Anaconda Plan Blockade the South Divide Confederacy in two in west Capture Richmond the Confederate capital Confederate Strategy Not lose and play defense Attack a major city in the North

Americans Expect a Short War Bull Run First battle near Washington Results in a Confederate Victory Thomas Jackson earns nickname Stonewall Jackson for a firm stand in the battle

Union Armies in the West Protecting Washington D.C. After Bull Run Lincoln calls for 1 million soldiers Appoints General George McClellan to lead Army of the Potomac Forts Henry and Donelson General Ulysses S. Grant Brave Tough Commander in West February 1862 Grant captures Confederate Forts Henry and Donelson

Union Armies in the West Shiloh March 1862 Confederate troops surprise Union soldiers at Shiloh Grant Counterattacks Forces Confederates to retreat Shiloh teaches preparation is needed Confederacy is vulnerable in the west

A Revolution in Warfare Ironclads New ironclad ships instrumental in victories of Grant Ironclads splinter wooden ships and withstand cannon March of 1862 the North’s Monitor vs. South’s Merrimack Ends in a draw New Weapons 1) Rifles- more accurate, load faster, and fire more rounds 2) Minie ball- more destructive bullet 3) Grenades 4) Land Mines

The War for the Capitals “On to Richmond” McClellan waits to attack Richmond Drills troops for 5 months Spring of 1862 Robert E. Lee takes command of Southern Army Lee and McClellan fight Seven Days’ Battle Union Leaves Richmond area

The War for the Capitals Antietam Lee wins Second Battle of Bull Run Lee marches into Maryland Lee and McClellan clash at Antietam Bloodiest single day battle Battle a standoff and Confederates retreat McClellan does not pursue the Confederates Lincoln fires McClellan