Cocaine Andrew Gagliano

Cocaine: Otherwise Known As… Scientific Term: Slang: Texture/Appearance: Coke. Flake. Cola. Snow. Benzoylmethylecgonine C. White. C17H21NO4 Related to Intake: Powder. Blow. Dust. Toot. Pearl. Nose candy. Candy. Bump. Big flakes. Line.

Class of Drug Cocaine is an incredibly addictive, psychoactive, stimulant drug What is a Stimulant? The stimulant class of narcotics increases feelings of energy, attention, and alertness Elevates blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration These are also known to be highly addictive, resulting in feelings of depression as they wear off This class includes cocaine, methamphetamines, and amphetmaines

Cocaine Paraphernalia The specific paraphernalia associated with cocaine changes depending on the method of ingestion. The next few slides will quickly summarize some of the different ways that cocaine is administered, and show the paraphernalia associated with each method

Snorting Method Cocaine can be inhaled through the nose, where it is absorbed into the bloodstream through nasal tissues Involves Use of: Powder is sold in clear plastic bags, or in vials Item to “chop” the cocaine, typically a credit card Hollow tube to snort cocaine with, typically a small piece of straw or a dollar bill

Injection Method Cocaine can be taken intravenously, directly releasing the drug into the bloodstream to heighten its effects -Involves the use of: A cooker: small vessel held over a lighter, used to “cook” or dissolve cocaine before injecting Needles: used to inject the drug into the bloodstream

Smoking Method Two major ways in which cocaine is smoked: in the form of (1) crack cocaine or (2) smoked together with marijuana Frequently sprinkled over marijuana joint, involves use of… Rolling Papers A bong or a marijuana “bowl” pipe

Short-Term Effects of Cocaine Use Intense euphoria: this is the major draw of cocaine Dilated pupils: one of the obvious identifying factors Depression: result of euphoria, contributes to addiction Convulsions, seizures and sudden death from high doses (even one time) Other Effects: Loss of appetite Increased heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature Bizarre, erratic, sometimes violent behavior Hallucinations, hyperexcitability, irritability Anxiety and paranoia

Long-Term Effects of Cocaine Use Permanent damage to blood vessels of heart and brain High blood pressure, leading to heart attacks, strokes, and death Liver, kidney and lung damage Destruction of tissues in nose if sniffed Respiratory failure if smoked Sexual problems, reproductive damage and infertility (for both men and women) Severe depression Auditory and tactile hallucinations

Effects Diagrams (Brain Activity/Body)

Identification Techniques The two main types of tests to identify illegal drugs are presumptive and confirmatory tests Presumptive Tests: Indicate that a substance may be present, less precise Colorimetric tests, identifies if a substance is present by changing color Confirmatory Tests: Involves more precise testing, such as Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry or infrared spectroscopy, that separates compounds to find if illegal substance is present

How long does Cocaine remain in your system? Single use of cocaine: detected in urine 2-4 days afterward, found in blood and urine for an average of 12-48 hours Present in one’s sweat up to several weeks Can also be found in a user’s hair for years after taking it

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