Src-Family Kinases Are Activated in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Promote the Survival of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Dependent Cell Lines Jie.

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Src-Family Kinases Are Activated in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Promote the Survival of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Dependent Cell Lines Jie Zhang, Shailaja Kalyankrishna, Marie Wislez, Nishan Thilaganathan, Babita Saigal, Wei Wei, Long Ma, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Faye M. Johnson, Jonathan M. Kurie The American Journal of Pathology Volume 170, Issue 1, Pages 366-376 (January 2007) DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.060706 Copyright © 2007 American Society for Investigative Pathology Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 SFK Tyr416 phosphorylation in NSCLC biopsy samples. A: Western blotting of H1299 cells stably transfected with dominant active mutant c-Src (DA-Src) or empty vector (H1299). B: Optimization of P-SFK immunohistochemical staining conditions so that staining was absent without primary antibody (10 Ab) or in the presence of blocking peptide (peptide). C: Examples of tumors staining positively for P-SFK (ADC, adenocarcinoma; SCC, squamous cell carcinoma; BAC, bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma). D: Example of bronchial epithelial staining positively for P-SFK. Arrow points to a positive cell in basal layer. The American Journal of Pathology 2007 170, 366-376DOI: (10.2353/ajpath.2007.060706) Copyright © 2007 American Society for Investigative Pathology Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Increased SFK phosphorylation in EGFR-dependent NSCLC cell lines. A: Western blotting of P-SFK and total SFKs in NSCLC cell lines. Actin was used as a loading control. B: Serum withdrawal enhanced SFK phosphorylation in EGFR-dependent cell lines. Western analysis of NSCLC cell lines in the presence of serum (+SFK) or subjected to serum withdrawal for 48 hours (−SFK). C: SFK phosphorylation increased in a time-dependent manner after serum withdrawal. Western analysis of HCC827 cells lysed before (t = 0) or at the indicated time points after serum withdrawal. Actin was used as a loading control. The American Journal of Pathology 2007 170, 366-376DOI: (10.2353/ajpath.2007.060706) Copyright © 2007 American Society for Investigative Pathology Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 SFKs are required for the survival of EGFR-dependent NSCLC cells. Western blotting of NSCLC cell lines treated with PP1. A: WST-1 assays of NSCLC cells treated with PP1 or SKI-606. Values expressed relative to control cells treated with DMSO, which were set at 1. B and C: Western blotting of NSCLC cells treated with PP1 (10 μmol/L), SKI-606 (2 μmol/L), or vehicle (C). SFK inhibition was assessed by detection of P-SFK and apoptosis by caspase-3 and PARP cleavage. Actin was used as a loading control. The American Journal of Pathology 2007 170, 366-376DOI: (10.2353/ajpath.2007.060706) Copyright © 2007 American Society for Investigative Pathology Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 c-Src depletion in HCC827 cells diminishes sensitivity to PP1. A: Western blotting of HCC827 cells stably transfected with Src shRNA vectors (A, C, or D), empty vector (vector), or nothing (HCC827). B: WST-1 assays to examine the proliferation of transfectants (shRNA or pRS empty vector) and parental cells (HCC827) treated with PP1. Values for shRNA transfectants were expressed relative to values for parental cells (HCC827) treated with DMSO, which were set at 1. As an additional control, we compared parental cells and pRS transfectants with respect to effects of PP1, which were indistinguishable in these cells (top left). The American Journal of Pathology 2007 170, 366-376DOI: (10.2353/ajpath.2007.060706) Copyright © 2007 American Society for Investigative Pathology Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 SFKs regulate phosphorylation of EGFR, ErbB2, and ErbB3. A: Western analysis of ErbB family members in NSCLC cell lines treated with PP1. Actin was used as a loading control. B: Western blotting of HCC827 cells stably transfected with Src shRNA vectors (A, C, or D), empty vector (vector), or nothing (HCC827). The American Journal of Pathology 2007 170, 366-376DOI: (10.2353/ajpath.2007.060706) Copyright © 2007 American Society for Investigative Pathology Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 PP1 and gefitinib have synergistic effects. A: WST-1 assays to examine the proliferation of HCC827 cells and H3255 cells treated with PP1, gefitinib, or both. Values were expressed relative to control cells treated with DMSO, which were set at 1. Apoptosis detected by TUNEL assay (B) and Western blotting of PARP and cleaved caspase-3 (C) in HCC827 cells treated with gefitinib (5 nmol/L), PP1 (1 μmol/L), both, or control (DMSO). Percentages of apoptotic cells detected by TUNEL are indicated (* = %). Actin was used as a loading control in C. D: Western blotting to examine effects of gefitinib, PP1, both, or neither, on downstream mediators of EGFR and SFKs in HCC827 cells. The intensities of the bands were quantified by densitometric analysis and normalized by total ERK, total STAT3, or actin (for cyclin D1). Phosphorylation levels were expressed relative to that of control cells treated with DMSO (Con), which were set at 1. The American Journal of Pathology 2007 170, 366-376DOI: (10.2353/ajpath.2007.060706) Copyright © 2007 American Society for Investigative Pathology Terms and Conditions

Figure 7 c-Src depletion in HCC827 cells diminishes sensitivity to gefitinib. WST-1 assays to examine the proliferation of transfectants (shRNA or pRS empty vector) and parental cells (HCC827) treated with gefitinib. Values for shRNA transfectants were expressed relative to values for parental cells (HCC827) treated with DMSO, which were set at 1. As an additional control, we compared parental cells and pRS transfectants with respect to effects of gefitinib, which were indistinguishable in these cells (top left). The American Journal of Pathology 2007 170, 366-376DOI: (10.2353/ajpath.2007.060706) Copyright © 2007 American Society for Investigative Pathology Terms and Conditions