Cleveland CH 11: Part 1 Essential Question: What impact did Britain have in Egypt after WWI? The Arab Struggle for Independence: Egypt from the interwar era to 1945

The Struggle for power in Egypt Egypt During WWI Political: British declared Egypt as a protectorate ending Ottoman authority in Egypt. Only place Britain could defend its colonies. Economy: Resources were requisitioned by the allies. Fellahin(Egyptian Peasants) were conscripted into military service.

The formation of the wafd and the revolution of 1919 Wafd Party November 1918 Led by Sa‛d Zaghlul Goal was complete independence of Egypt Wafd whished to represent Egypt in 1919 in Paris, to gain support they traveled though rural Egypt campaigning for support. Riots broke out when British exiled Wafd leaders until they were allowed to represent Egypt in Paris. 1922 Egypt gains independence with the exception to. Imperial communications in Egypt/Defense of Egypt/Protection of foreign minorities/future status of Sudan.

Sa‘d Zaghlul King Faud http://bookilluminations.com/king_fuad.jpg http://img.freebase.com/api/trans/image_thumb/m/02d05nx?errorid=%2Ffreebase%2Fno_image_png&maxheight=200&mode=fit&maxwidth=150

Egypt’s Liberal Experiment, 1924-1936 Constitution of 1923 Established a parliamentary Government with Zaghlul as prime minister. Problems with the constitution King was given too much power. British interference Wafd and other parties refused to compromise Question of independence between the King, the Wafd and the British. Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of Alliance 1936 Recognized Egyptian independence but still gave Britain the right to defend them and a presence in the Suez Canal

Egypt’s Liberal Experiment, 1924-1936 King Faruq King Faruq 1936 Westernization of Egypt Focus away from Islamic and Arab heritage. Focused on Pharaonic past Feminist movements Education not family. http://www.egyptgiftshop.com/images/farouk.gif

Egypt’s Liberal Experiment, 1924-1936 Muslim Brotherhood 1928 Reforms: Political Established Sharia Law Economic Land redistribution Social welfare Replaced foreign investments with local investments Social Combined religious and scientific studies Free medical clinics Kitchens to feed urban poor Denounced treaty of 1936, wanted complete independence.

Egypt during WWII: Pivot of the British defense system 1939 Britain entered WWII and Egypt fulfilled its obligations by imposing martial law and breaking diplomatic relations with Germany. Egypt whished to stay out of war Egypt’s location made it the launching point for Britain’s Middle East military operations. Therefore it became a focus for the Axis powers.

Egypt during WWII: Pivot of the British defense system Economic Inflation, food shortage, and increased industrial base. Political Coalition Cabinet ruled till 1942 1942 Great Britain influences government appointments Social Legal recognition of trade unions Encouraged the formation of Arab league