Terms: Korean War Vietnam War Domino theory Brinkmanship CH. 26 SECT. 4 “COLD WAR CONFLICTS” Terms: Korean War Vietnam War Domino theory Brinkmanship

COLD WAR CONFLICTS: KOREA, VIETNAM, CUBA

1945 Japan surrenders Korea after WW2 Soviets in charge in North, US in South Industrial North (communist) and Rural South (non-communist)

Containment vs. Brinkmanship Containment Policy (Pres. Truman): 1949 US Proposal for dealing with the Soviet Union Brinkmanship Policy (Pres. Eisenhower): 1953 Eisenhower becomes US president -1953 US secretary of state John Foster Dulles – begins policy of “brinkmanship”.

Containment 1949 vs. Brinkmanship 1953 “The communist government will break down if we contain it”. (example: Korean War) 1953 If the USSR or its supporters attack US interests, the US would be willing to go to the edge or “brink” of war with the USSR. (example: Cuban Missile Crisis & Vietnam War)

1950 Causes Truman to agree that the Soviets are trying to take over and spread communism Idea that can’t just contain them any more but must roll them back

1950 Korean war begins North (communist) invaded the south (non-communist)

1950 UN ordered troops to help South Korea US sends forces to SK too Chinese felt threatened when American troops were near border – sent 300,000 soldiers to help North Korea

Cold War Conflicts: Korean War 1950-1953 Neither side gained an advantage in the 3 year war July 1953 – UN forces and North Korea signed a cease-fire agreement. Both North Korea and South Korea remain divided today North Korea – remains communist South Korea – 1987 adopted a democratic constitution and held free elections

Cold War Conflicts Who won the Korean War? USSR and North Korea China and North Korea U.S. and South Korea Nobody won the war

Terms: Korean War: Top 10 North Korea Facts Video CH. 26 SECT. 4 “COLD WAR CONFLICTS” Terms: Korean War: Top 10 North Korea Facts Video

Cold War Conflict #2 : Vietnam Vietnam = French colony never under one solidified gov’t before 1945 Japanese withdraw from Vietnam – French want their colony back…

Terms: Vietnam War Domino theory Brinkmanship CH. 26 SECT. 4 “COLD WAR CONFLICTS” Terms: Vietnam War Domino theory Brinkmanship

US/USSR struggle for power: Vietnam US supports France through funds because Vietnam’s revolutionary leader of the Nationalist group, the Vietminh, was Ho Chi Minh, a communist!

Communist & Nationalist Revolutionary

1954 groups of Vietnamese succeeded in defeating the French A Divided Vietnam… 1954 groups of Vietnamese succeeded in defeating the French The Geneva Conference divides Vietnam in two with US supporting the South and the USSR supporting the North Vietnam is divided at the 17th parallel

Domino Theory- explains US involvement in Vietnam “You have a row of dominoes set up, and you knock over the first one, and what will happen to the last one is the certainty that it will go over very quickly” Pres. Eisenhower explaining why the US needed to stop the Communists in Vietnam

South Vietnam gets US support… US pours a lot of money into effort and sends advisors to help police and military in S. Vietnam become more effective By 1963 US loses confidence in leader of S. Vietnam (Ngo Dinh Diem) and so, the US supports a military coup

US Escalates Involvement in War By 1965 – 15,000 US advisors Have to increase effort to win US ships attacked by N.Vietnamese ships Gulf of Tonkin Resolution –US escalates involvement in Vietnam begin with bombing, air force, bases, Marines, more military to fight the VIETCONG (communist guerillas)

The End of the Vietnam War 8/15/1973 U.S. military involvement ended on 15 August 1973 The capture of Saigon by the Vietnam People's Army in April 1975 marked the end of the war North and South Vietnam were reunified the following year.

The Fall of Saigon

Post War Vietnam Vietnam is still governed by Communists today. The country now welcomes foreign investment - much of these investments come from the US. As of December, 2007, Vietnam had established diplomatic relations with 172 countries (including the United States, which normalized relations in 1995). President Truong Tan Sang

J The Vietnam War Cold War Conflicts Who won the War in Vietnam? The Viet Cong with Soviet and Chinese Support The South Vietnamese Army with U.S.support Nobody won the war. The Viet Cong with Soviet support only

Latin America - CUBA Revolutionary Movements in Cuba found support from the USSR – communist rebels led by Castro US – supported anti-communist dictators – Batista Communist rebel leader, Fidel Castro overthrows Batista in 1959!

Castro soon made Cuba a SOVIET ALLY! CUBA & USSR Castro soon made Cuba a SOVIET ALLY!

The US made efforts to remove Castro from power, including a FAILED invasion of Cuba at the Bay of Pigs in 1961. Bay of Pigs

Cuban Missile Crisis 1962 Soviets building nuclear missile bases in Cuba US- demanded Soviets remove missiles US blockaded Cuba

Fearful time – “Brinkmanship” on the brink of nuclear war? Cuban Missile Crisis October 16-28th 1962 Fearful time – “Brinkmanship” on the brink of nuclear war? US troops in Florida ready to attack US/USSR negotiations ends the crisis

K The Cuban Missile Crisis Cold War Conflicts K The Cuban Missile Crisis The United States tried to remove Castro from Cuban leadership but failed to invade the island at the Bay of Pigs in 1961 at the Gulf of Tonkin in 1961 at the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1961 at the Gulf of Mexico in 1961

What problems were common to newly independent countries of the post WWII era?

Decolonization of the Belgian Congo Patrice Lumumba became the first Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo – 6/30/1960 Video Democracy Now video

What problems were common to newly independent countries of the post WWII era?

Cold War Conflicts Middle East, Africa L Why did the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) carry out a covert action to overthrow the government of Iran in 1953? Because Iran as developing a nuclear weapon Because Iran had seized the Suez Canal Because the USSR had sponsored a coup in Iran the previous year Because they feared Iran might become a Soviet ally