Two of the 4 fundamental forces:

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Presentation transcript:

Two of the 4 fundamental forces: 1. The _____________________ force, Fg, between 2 masses: Fg = …is always ______________________ …is ___________________________ to the masses …is ______________proportional to ____________ of r …is _______________ , which can be seen because the constant G = __________________________ is very _______________ 2. The _______________________ force, Fe, between two charges Fe = ???

separated by a distance… Suppose two charges q1 and q2 repel each other with an electrical force Fe=___. The following experiments are done: Exp. # using…. and…. separated by a distance… new Fe 1 q1 2q2 2 3q1 q2 3 2q1 3q2 4 5 6 What can you conclude about the form of the electrical force? It is directly proportional to the _____________ on each object, and ___________ proportional to the ____________________ _______________________________

Coulomb’s Law: The electrostatic force, Fe, between two charges q1 and q2 separated by a center-to-center distance r is… q1 q2 r Fe = where k = ________________________________ = ________________________________ ________________________________

Note: Fe is… …directly proportional to ____________ …and inversely proportional to ______ 2. Fe is ___________________ if the charges are “opposite” and_____________________ if the charges are “like” 3. Fe is ___________stronger than the gravitational force because ________ is ____________________ than ______. 4. Fe is an ________________________________force.

Ex: Find the electrical force between two charges q1 = +3.4 x 10-6 C and q2 = -1.7 x 10-4 C whose centers are separated by a distance of 2.5 x 10-2 m. Fe = Fe = Fe = Is the force attractive or repulsive? Which charge exerts a stronger force? If released from rest, which would accelerate more? You can’t tell, since the masses are not given.

Ex: Two neutral masses: The same two masses with like charges: The same two masses but with opposite charge:

Ex: An analogy between gravity and the electrical force. planet ___________ holds the planets to the Sun (S): S electron The ____________ force binds electrons to the nucleus (N): N

But, orbiting electrons _________________________ Why? 1. Electrons in circular orbits ___________________. 2. Accelerating charges ________________________ 3. Therefore, orbiting electrons would ________ energy and _________________________________ and all matter would ___________________in a fraction of a second A new theory was needed. This theory, called ____________ ___________________ , was developed. It says that: 1. The electron ________________________ , but __________________________________ orbit. 2. The “orbit” only tells you where the electron is ____________________ to be found or the _____________________ of finding it somewhere!