CHAPTER 2: EXPERIMENTAL METHODS CHRIS ALAS, BS HCC-STAFFORD
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH Dr. Chris has been teaching Intro to Psych for 5 years and the average grade for all his class is an 80. Research indicates that students who attend review sessions tend to score higher. So he sets up an experiment using 2 Psychology classes. One class will be taught without any interventions. The second class will have a review session during class time. Each class will have 50 students (PARTICIPANTS)
APPLICATION OF SCIENTIFIC APPROACH 1. Hypothesis 2. Independent Variable (IV) 3. Dependent Variable (DV) 4. Experimental group 5. Control group 6. Random assignment 7. Population 8. Sample
CHAPTER 2 – RESEARCH METHODS INDEPENDENT VARIABLE vs. DEPENDANT VARIABLE
DESIGN A STUDY 4. SAMPLING BIAS A new medication that makes people smarter has been discovered by Dr. Chris. Per FDA guidelines medicaltion “X” requires experiemental methods to ensure its’ effectiveness. 1. Placebo 2. Double-blind Procedure 3. Placebo effects 4. SAMPLING BIAS CREATE SAMPLE NOT REPRESENTATIVE OF POPULATION OF INTEREST
CHAPTER 2 – RESEARCH METHODS An experimenter test’s a hypothesis that physical exercise effects people’s mood. Participants in experimental group participate on Sat and Sun and those in control group exercise Mon and Tues. What is DEPANDANT VARIABLE What is INDEPENDENT VARIABLE Experimenter Group
CHAPTER 2 – RESEARCH METHODS TWO MAIN TYPES OF RESEARCH METHODS USED IN PSYCHOLOGY? 1. EXPERIMENTAL 2. DESCRIPTIVE/CORRELATIONAL CORRELATION CASE STUDY SURVEY
CHAPTER 2 – RESEARCH METHODS CORRELATION -1 0 1 1 or -1 is the strongest relationship Signs give direction SHOWS RELATIONSHIP NOT SHOW CAUSATION
CHAPTER 2 – RESEARCH METHODS WHICH HAS THE STRONGEST RELATIONSHIP? A. -1.01 B. -.81 C. 0 D. +.50
CHAPTER 2 – RESEARCH METHODS Correlation co-efficent between amount of exposure to TV violence and road rage was found to be +.83 . What can we conclude? Watching TV violence TENDS to cause aggressive driving Being an aggressive driver TENDS to cause one to watch more violent TV People who watch the most TV TEND to be the least aggressive driver There is a POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP between these two variables
CHAPTER 2 – RESEARCH METHODS Dr. Chris finds a correlation correlational of +66 between class attendance and GPA. This indicates that a. people with high GPA tend to have low attendance b. there is no relationship between GPA and attendance c. students with high GPA tend to attend class regularly d. students with a low GPA tend to have high attendance
CHAPTER 2 – RESEARCH METHODS SURVEY NATURALISTIC OBSERVATION CASE STUDY
ETHICS…..WHY? RESPECT RIGHTS OF OTHERS RIGHT TO PRIVACY PAID TO PARTICIPATE PARTICPANTS SHOULD VOLUNTEER