Activity Report as a CBS Lead Centre for GCOS – JMA Hirotaka SATO Climate Prediction Division (CPD) Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) climatemonitor@met.kishou.go.jp http://ds.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/tcc/tcc/index.html GCOS Network Meeting, Cambridge, UK, 7-9 September 2016

Outline GSN and GUAN station’s performance in JMA’s area of responsibility Activities of JMA as a CBS Lead Centre for GCOS Problems and solutions Training WWR activities A web application for viewing monthly climate data - “ClimatView” Conclusions Situation Problem & Solution Other Items GCOS Network Meeting, Cambridge, UK, 7-9 September 2016

GSN and GUAN station’s performance in JMA’s area of responsibility Situation GCOS Network Meeting, Cambridge, UK, 7-9 September 2016

JMA’s Area of Responsibility (AOR) WMO Regional Association (RA) WMO Member/ Host Institution of Lead Centre Responsible for GSN and GUAN stations in: RA II (Asia) Japan (JMA) Brunei, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong China, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Thailand, Viet　Nam Underlined: Operating GSN station There are 14 members in JMA’s area of responsibility. GSN stations: 80 GUAN stations: 20 RBCN stations: 294 #As of 31 July 2016 http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/gcos/documents/CBS_LeadCentres_GCOS.pdf GCOS Network Meeting, Cambridge, UK, 7-9 September 2016

GSN Station Performance In general, the performance of GSN stations in JMA’s area of responsibility (AOR) has been fine. The averaged performance index has continued to be around 0.9. Averaged performance index for all GSN stations in JMA’s AOR Assessed by a performance statistics agreed at the previous meeting, which takes into account timeliness (CA), correctness of format (CC) and validness of temperature (CT) and precipitation (CR). CA, CC, CT and CR are based on GSNMC annual reports. GCOS Network Meeting, Cambridge, UK, 7-9 September 2016

GSN Station Performance Performance index of each country in JMA’s AOR for 2015 Country Number of Stations CA CC CT CR Index China 32 1.0 0.7 0.9 0.90 Japan 13 1.00 Malaysia 6 0.98 Mongolia 10 0.8 0.93 Myanmar 3 0.2 0.1 0.5 0.6 0.35 Philippines 0.75 Republic of Korea Thailand 0.85 Viet Nam 1 Each country showed good performance. The performance index of Myanmar dropped from 0.83 for 2014 to 0.35 for 2015 (this is mentioned later). GCOS Network Meeting, Cambridge, UK, 7-9 September 2016

GSN Station Performance Constantly high performance (> 0.90) Malaysia, the Republic of Korea and Japan Significant change of index China Viet Nam Myanmar CHN JPN MYS MNG MMR PHL KOR PHL THA VNM Performance index for each country in JMA’s AOR from 2012 to 2015 GCOS Network Meeting, Cambridge, UK, 7-9 September 2016

Reception Rate of RBCN Stations [%] [stations] The reception rate of CLIMAT reports from RBCN stations in JMA’s AOR has been also good. However, some stations have been silent. Reception Rate Continuously around 85%. 0.9 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 The reception rate (line) and the number (bar) of CLIMAT reports from RBCN stations in JMA’s AOR Note: RBCN stations in JMA’s AOR rose from 252 in October 2013 to 292 in November 2013. As of July 2016, there are 294 RBCN stations in JMA’s AOR. GCOS Network Meeting, Cambridge, UK, 7-9 September 2016

Availability of GUAN Stations [%] Almost all of the GUAN stations in JMA’s AOR has been fine. But the performance of 2 stations in Thailand has been poor (now in the bidding process for the new fiscal year according to the FP of Thailand). Below this line indicates not meeting minimum requirement at least. BANGNA(48453) CHIANG MAI(48327) 2015 2016 % of number of soundings reaching 50hPa / 25 at each GUAN station in JMA’s AOR for each month since January 2014 Source: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/gcos/GUAN_long_term.txt Note: Every month at lease one observation on each of at least 25 days should attain the minimum requirements (temperature up to 30hPa, humidity up to the tropopause, wind direction and speed up to 30hPa). GCOS Network Meeting, Cambridge, UK, 7-9 September 2016

Problem & solution Activities of JMA as a CBS Lead Centre for GCOS GCOS Network Meeting, Cambridge, UK, 7-9 September 2016

Activities of JMA as CBSLC China Performance index Problem The performance index of China had been constantly above 0.90 but the index fell in 2014. That was because CLIMAT reports from China sometimes included format errors in 2014. Specifically, some lines in CLIMAT messages contained more than 80 characters. Solution JMA asked China Meteorological Administration (CMA) to address this issue, and CMA improved the reports in 2015. GCOS Network Meeting, Cambridge, UK, 7-9 September 2016

Activities of JMA as CBSLC Viet Nam Performance index Problem The performance index of Viet Nam had been low because the NMHS in Viet Nam could not submit CLIMAT reports at TAN SON HOA (48900), one of 2 GSN stations in Viet Nam, which was an aeronautical station operated by the airport association. Solution JMA had advised to the FP of Viet Nam that TAN SON HOA be deleted from GSN station list and the station was deleted from GSN station list in January 2014. As a result, the performance index in Viet Nam improved (nearly doubled) in 2014. GCOS Network Meeting, Cambridge, UK, 7-9 September 2016

Activities of JMA as CBSLC Myanmar Performance index Myanmar has emailed CLIMAT reports to JMA since 2013. JMA has forwarded the data to GSN Monitoring Centre in Germany and the World Data Centre for Meteorology in the USA. Problem In 2015, the performance index of Myanmar dropped from 0.83 for 2014 to 0.35 for 2015. It was probably because they tended to send CLIMAT report late. CA was 0.2 for 2015. Solution In January 2016, JMA recommended to the FP of Myanmar that CLIMAT report be sent at the latest before 20th of the next month, which is the cut-off date for evaluating CA (and CC). As of now, the situation has improved (estimated CA is 0.7). GCOS Network Meeting, Cambridge, UK, 7-9 September 2016

Activities of JMA as CBSLC Cambodia Cambodia has emailed the CLIMAT reports of PHNOM-PENH/POCHENTONG (48991), not a GSN station but one of 3 RBCN stations in Cambodia, every few months to JMA. JMA has forwarded the data to GSN Monitoring Centre in Germany (DWD) and the World Data Centre for Meteorology in the USA (NOAA). Problem Lack of timeliness. Solution? Ask to send CLIMAT taking some opportunities (e.g. email, visiting). When JMA’s staff members visited NMHSs for some purposes, the members took these opportunities to advise the NMHSs to prepare CLIMAT bulletins correctly. GCOS Network Meeting, Cambridge, UK, 7-9 September 2016

Activities of JMA as CBSLC Training Selected NMHS staff members are invited to JMA’s Group Training Course for Reinforcement of Meteorological Services (*) annually and 8 experts participated in this course in 2015. A lecture on CLIMAT reports and the activities of CBS Lead Centre for GCOS is included in this course. This training course has contributed to improve the reception rate and the quality of the CLIMAT reports. * The course is organized by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and JMA.

Other Items WWR activities, A web application for viewing monthly climate data - “ClimatView” Other Items GCOS Network Meeting, Cambridge, UK, 7-9 September 2016

Activities for WWR JMA has contributed to the collection of the World Weather Records (WWR) for RA II. In 2015, 8 NMHSs in RA II submitted WWR data for 2014. China, Hong Kong China, Japan, Macao China, Myanmar, Nepal, Russia, Turkmenistan JMA checked the data and forwarded them to the WMO Secretariat.

A tool for viewing CLIMAT data - “ClimatView” ClimatView: Powerful tool overviewing and downloading monthly world climate data. It allows the user to see and obtain monthly mean temperatures, monthly total precipitation amounts and its anomaly or ratio as well as monthly maximum/minimum temperatures at all available stations. Here, let me take a time to introduce a tool for viewing monthly climate data. ClimatView is provided at JMA’s website. This tool enables the users to overview and download monthly climate data. The provided elements are monthly mean temperatures, monthly precipitation, monthly mean maximum/minimum temperatures. These data are based on CLIMAT reports sent from each country. Users can view monthly climate data, which are based on CLIMAT report from each country over the world since 1982. Time series of monthly mean, maximum and minimum temperatures and monthly precipitation. http://ds.data.jma.go.jp/gmd/tcc/tcc/products/climate/climatview/frame.php

Conclusions In general, the performance of GSN stations in JMA’s area of responsibility has been fine. JMA and concerning NMHSs have resolved some problems on each occasion. There have remained few problem except for Myanmar and Cambodia. Efforts should be continued.

Thank you! This is JMA’s Mascot Character ‘Hare-run’, not a new Pokémon. ‘Hare’ means sunny weather in Japanese, ‘Hare-ru’ means ‘it becomes sunny’. ‘Run-run’ means happiness feeling.

Availability of GUAN Stations Values: % of No. of soundings each month reaching 50hPa / 25 Total: No. of soundings R WMO_No. Station Total JAN'15 FEB'15 MAR'15 APR'15 MAY'15 JUN'15 JUL'15 AUG'15 SEP'15 OCT'15 NOV'15 DEC'15 JAN'16 FEB'16 MAR'16 APR'16 MAY'16 JUN'16 JUL'16 AVG 2 45004 KOWLOON, HONG KONG 2271 264 240 256 244 428 276 216 228 196 252 260 180 176 224 360 300 254 47646 TATENO, JAPAN 1164 248 220 236 212 232 53068 ERENHOT, CHINA 1158 51709 KASHI, CHINA 1159 230 47412 SAPPORO, JAPAN 1167 200 229 50527 HAILAR, CHINA 1161 208 204 223 55299 NAGQU, CHINA 192 57461 YICHANG, CHINA 188 222 47138 POHANG, KOREA 221 52681 MINQIN, CHINA 47827 KAGOSHIMA, JAPAN 1168 219 56778 KUNMING, CHINA 1157 218 5 98223 LAOAG, PHILIPPINES 1112 116 47991 MINAMITORISHIMA, JAPAN 1177 168 172 160 144 164 48698 SINGAPORE 2311 156 184 181 47971 CHICHIJIMA, JAPAN 1189 120 152 148 47918 ISHIGAKIJIMA, JAPAN 1188 84 140 112 108 96 128 96315 BRUNEI AIRPORT 1922 88 80 92 100 72 138 48453 BANGNA , THAILAND 2224 132 104 136 40 60 44 56 52 32 99 48327 CHIANG MAI, THAILAND 1558 16 124 28 4 Average 1386.25 202.2 184.8 203.4 196.8 205.8 183.8 202.4 201.4 195.8 201.2 199 189.2 192.2 201.6 192.8 207 191.6 193 197.15 GCOS Network Meeting, Cambridge, UK, 7-9 September 2016