Unit 5 Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Animalia – Complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic heterotrophic organisms

Animal Kingdom Characteristics Most complex of all kingdoms Multicellular (made of many cells) Obtain energy by eating food - Heterotrophic/Consumers Usually Reproduce Sexually Able to move Eukaryotic – cells have a nucleus but no cell wall or chloroplast Have Specialized Parts: CellsTissuesOrgansOrgan SystemsOrganisms

Animal Behaviors Innate Behavior - (NOT learned) behaviors that are influenced by genes -an animal is born KNOWING how to do something…. (-fish – swim and birds – fly)

Animal Behaviors Learned Behavior - behaviors that have to be taught or observed -Speech is innate in humans, but the particular language (English, French….) you speak is learned.

Body Plans Animals Have 3 Body Plans

Body Plans Asymmetrical – No Symmetry Radial Symmetry – body is organized around a central point Bilateral Symmetry – (Bi = 2) One half is exactly like the other half

Animals Have Adaptations Adaptation – a characteristic, a behavior, or any inherited trait that makes a species able to survive and reproduce in a particular environment (include structures or behaviors for finding food, for protection, and for moving from place to place) Examples – Camouflage, Mimicry, Outer Coverings, ect…) lizard’s legs allow it to move on land polar bears fur allow it to survive in cold areas strawberry dart-poison frog’s bright coloring warns predators that it is poisonous

Homeostasis Homeostasis – the maintenance of a stable internal environment Humans sweat and shiver to help maintain an internal constant temperature Brainpop - Homeostasis

Categories of Animals INVERTEBRATE- An animal that does not have a backbone 2)VERTEBRATE- An animal that has a backbone and a skull

Categories of Animals

INVERTEBRATES Bill Nye Invertebrates

Invertebrates Invertebrates - Brainpop Sponges Cnidarians Worms Mollusks Echinoderms Arthropods

SPONGES

Sponges - Invertebrate Means “having pores” Simplest multi-cellular animals Live in Water Filter feeders Sessile – live attached to one spot Symmetry - Asymmetrical Brain Pop - Sponges www.biology.ucok.edu/AnimalBiology/ Porifera/Spongia.html www.gcb.vic.gov.au/ gallery.htm

CNIDARIANS

Cnidarians - Invertebrate Soft, Sac-like body Stinging Cells Have a central opening surrounded by tentacles Live in Water Take in food and eliminate waste through the same opening Ex: hydras, jelly fish, coral, sea anemones Symmetry - Radial Brainpop - Cnidarians www.dolphinreef.co.il/kids/ html/creature_feature.html www.acs.ohio-state.edu/units/cancer/ ss98front/compendi.htm www.byronbay-online.com/byron_bay_marine/ large/fancoral.htm

WORMS

Worms - Invertebrate 1. Flatworms 2. Roundworms 3. Segmented worms Animals with soft, tube-shaped bodies and a distinct head Have a one way digestive system Symmetry - Bilateral Live inside other animals (parasite), in water or on land www.seaslugforum.net/ flatworm.htm www.pmel.noaa.gov/.../ biogallery-Info.00031.html http://www.gardensafari.net/slakken/lumbricus_terrestris_t.jpg

MOLLUSKS

Mollusks - Invertebrate Hard shell surrounding soft body parts Muscular foot that allows them to move and hunt for food Live in water & damp places Examples: Clams, Snail & Sea Scallop Only a few do not have shells: Octopus & Sea slug Symmetry - Bilateral Brainpop – Mollusks http://youtu.be/__XA6B41SQQ members.aol.com/bafiler/ Mollusca.html www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/mollusca/ mollusca.html

Mollusks – Invertebrate BrainPop - Giant Squid The giant squid can grow up to 59 feet in length and weigh over 992 pounds

WORMS ECHINODERMS

Echinoderms - Invertebrates Means “spiny-skin” Star shaped Central opening for taking in food Live in Water Symmetry - Radial Ex: Starfish, Sea Urchin Sand Dollars, & Sea Stars www.scsc.k12.ar.us/.../Projects/ ReynoldsJ/Default.htm www.luc.edu/depts/biology/ dev/urchin.htm

ARTHROPODS

Arthropods - Invertebrates Makes up 75% of the Animal Kingdom Symmetry – Bilateral Have an exoskeleton (external skeleton) exoskeleton – strong, flexible outer covering Basic Characteristics: -hard external skeleton -segmented body -jointed limbs Ex: insects, milli & centipede, spider, crab Bill Nye Insects Bill Nye Spiders BrainPop – Insects Brainpop - Spiders www.anu.edu.au/BoZo/ backwell4/body.htm

Arthropods - Invertebrates Some arthropods undergo metamorphosis Metamorphosis Video Clip Metamorphosis – the transformation of an animal from its larval form into its adult form

VERTEBRATES

Vertebrates Vertebrates - Brainpop Fish Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals

Vertebrates Have a backbone Have well-developed brains protected by a skull Have an endoskeleton -endoskeleton – an internal support system (internal skeleton)

Vertebrates Can be endothermic or exothermic -exothermic (ectothermic) – COLD BLOODED – an animal whose body temperature changes with the OUTSIDE temperature -endothermic - WARM BLOODED - an animal whose body temperature remains THE SAME, no matter what the outside temperature is

WORMS FISH

Fish – Characteristics (pg. 431) Largest group of vertebrates Ectothermic - rely on the environment to regulate body temperature Live in water Breathe through gills Have scales Have fins Have swim bladder which allows the fish to adjust to the depth at which it floats Have a lateral line which is a sensory organ that allows the fish to sense vibrations from objects and other organisms around them www.dolphinreef.co.il/kids/ html/creature_feature.html www.acs.ohio-state.edu/units/cancer/ ss98front/compendi.htm www.byronbay-online.com/byron_bay_marine/ large/fancoral.htm

Fish - Adaptations Lateral Line to sense predators and prey Swim Bladder to regulate depth. Scales for protection Gills for breathing Fins to help it swim External fertilization – female fish release eggs into the water where they are fertilized by sperm (Sexual Reproduction) Bill Nye Fish www.dolphinreef.co.il/kids/ html/creature_feature.html www.acs.ohio-state.edu/units/cancer/ ss98front/compendi.htm www.byronbay-online.com/byron_bay_marine/ large/fancoral.htm

3 Groups of Fish Jawless Fish -lampreys and hagfish Hagfish 2. Cartilaginous Fish -sharks, rays and skates 3. Bony Fish -catfish, bass, carp Brainpop – Fish Brainpop - Gills Lamprey Hagfish Ray Shark www.dolphinreef.co.il/kids/ html/creature_feature.html www.acs.ohio-state.edu/units/cancer/ ss98front/compendi.htm www.byronbay-online.com/byron_bay_marine/ large/fancoral.htm Carp Catfish

Jawless Fish Lampreys Hagfish

Cartilaginous Fish Sharks Rays and Skates

Bony Fish

AMPHIBIANS

Amphibians – Characteristics First vertebrate to live on land Ectothermic - rely on the environment to regulate body temperature Smooth, moist skin No Claws Examples – Frogs, Salamanders, and Toads, and Caecilians www.dolphinreef.co.il/kids/ html/creature_feature.html www.acs.ohio-state.edu/units/cancer/ ss98front/compendi.htm www.byronbay-online.com/byron_bay_marine/ large/fancoral.htm

Amphibians – Characteristics Must return to the water to reproduce Lay their eggs in water (eggs will dry out if laid on land) Undergo metamorphosis (Tadpoles breathe with gills will develop into a frog that breathe with lungs) Brainpop – Amphibians Wood Frogs www.dolphinreef.co.il/kids/ html/creature_feature.html www.acs.ohio-state.edu/units/cancer/ ss98front/compendi.htm www.byronbay-online.com/byron_bay_marine/ large/fancoral.htm

Caecilians Caecilians are a legless, tailless tropical amphibian. Though eel-like or earthworm-like in appearance, they are neither of these. They have vertebrate characteristics such as jaws and teeth. Their eyes are nearly functionless and even non-existant on some. They have a groove on either side of the head which contains a retractable sensory tentacle. Most are between 5 to 14 inches long and 1/4 to 1 inches in diameter.

Salamanders Hellbenders

Frogs and Toads Endangered Amphibians

REPTILES

Reptiles – Characteristics Reptiles evolved (changed over time) from amphibians by adapting to life on dry land Ectothermic Scaly, dry skin Have claws Amniotic egg – egg can survive on land and not dry out Bill Nye Reptiles www.dolphinreef.co.il/kids/ html/creature_feature.html www.acs.ohio-state.edu/units/cancer/ ss98front/compendi.htm www.byronbay-online.com/byron_bay_marine/ large/fancoral.htm

Reptiles – Adaptations Dry, scaly skin Lungs Adapted to living on land Lay eggs that have tough, leathery shells www.dolphinreef.co.il/kids/ html/creature_feature.html www.acs.ohio-state.edu/units/cancer/ ss98front/compendi.htm www.byronbay-online.com/byron_bay_marine/ large/fancoral.htm

Reptiles – Examples Snakes Lizards Turtles/Tortoises Alligators/Crocodiles www.dolphinreef.co.il/kids/ html/creature_feature.html www.acs.ohio-state.edu/units/cancer/ ss98front/compendi.htm www.byronbay-online.com/byron_bay_marine/ large/fancoral.htm

BIRDS

Birds – Characteristics Endothermic – maintain a constant body temperature (homeostasis) Have feathers Most fly Have a beak or bill Have 4 limbs (2 legs and 2 wings) Amniotic eggs with hard shell Incubate their eggs Brainpop - Birds www.dolphinreef.co.il/kids/ html/creature_feature.html www.acs.ohio-state.edu/units/cancer/ ss98front/compendi.htm www.byronbay-online.com/byron_bay_marine/ large/fancoral.htm

Birds – Adaptations Hollow bones (make them light) Hard beaks or bills to get food Feathers (support flight) Two legs www.dolphinreef.co.il/kids/ html/creature_feature.html www.acs.ohio-state.edu/units/cancer/ ss98front/compendi.htm www.byronbay-online.com/byron_bay_marine/ large/fancoral.htm

MAMMALS

Mammals – Characteristics Endothermic – maintain a constant body temperature (homeostasis) Have hair Produce milk in mammary glands Specialized teeth Most give birth to live young Most have a placenta that gives the developing fetus nutrients Reproduce sexually/Internal fertilization Bill Nye Mammals www.dolphinreef.co.il/kids/ html/creature_feature.html www.acs.ohio-state.edu/units/cancer/ ss98front/compendi.htm www.byronbay-online.com/byron_bay_marine/ large/fancoral.htm

Mammals – Adaptations Camouflage Specialized Limbs Brainpop - Mammals www.dolphinreef.co.il/kids/ html/creature_feature.html www.acs.ohio-state.edu/units/cancer/ ss98front/compendi.htm www.byronbay-online.com/byron_bay_marine/ large/fancoral.htm

3 Groups of Mammals Monotremes – lay eggs Marsupials – young develop in pouch Placentals – all others www.dolphinreef.co.il/kids/ html/creature_feature.html www.acs.ohio-state.edu/units/cancer/ ss98front/compendi.htm www.byronbay-online.com/byron_bay_marine/ large/fancoral.htm